June 2022 in “Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences” Higher testosterone harms sperm motility, while higher estradiol improves sperm survival.
4 citations
,
September 2020 in “Andrologia” Oregano extract helps fix testis and sperm damage caused by finasteride.
October 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” A small BOTOX dose improved sperm production and movement in older mice.
January 2025 in “The World Journal of Men s Health” Intratesticular PRP injections are safe but not proven to improve sperm retrieval in certain infertile men.
January 2020 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” More research is needed to make sperm DNA fragmentation a reliable tool for diagnosing male infertility.
48 citations
,
December 2019 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” More research is needed to confirm sperm DNA fragmentation as a reliable tool for diagnosing male infertility.
2 citations
,
March 2022 in “Laboratory Animal Research” A mild botulinum toxin injection improved sperm production and movement in aging mice.
72 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
39 citations
,
January 2019 in “The World Journal of Men's Health” Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.
26 citations
,
October 2014 in “Andrologia” Infertile men are more likely to produce sperm with abnormal chromosome numbers, which can affect pregnancy success and embryo health.
February 2026 in “Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy” High-dose radioactive iodine therapy does not harm fertility in thyroidectomy patients.
June 2021 in “Archives of Advances in Biosciences” Finasteride reduces sperm count and quality and alters hormone levels in mice.
5 citations
,
August 1987 in “Andrology” Men with low or no sperm count have lower salivary testosterone levels, and saliva testing can measure their testosterone well.
4 citations
,
October 2020 in “Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods” Hesperidin protects rat testicles from finasteride damage and improves sperm health.
2 citations
,
December 2017 in “Theriogenology” Testosterone increases acidification in the vas deferens by up-regulating V-ATPase.
October 2017 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” DA-9401 can protect against finasteride-induced reproductive damage in rats.
2 citations
,
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Adult offspring of sperm donation generally feel positive about their conception and view the donor as their biological father.
17 citations
,
May 2021 in “Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics” COVID-19 may harm male fertility and damage the reproductive system.
14 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in Clinical Chemistry” The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.
46 citations
,
August 2022 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” COVID-19 temporarily affects male reproductive health, but sperm and testosterone levels generally return to normal after three months.
77 citations
,
June 2015 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.
August 2024 in “The Journal of Urology” The 2024 guideline updates recommendations for genetic testing, imaging, and sperm retrieval in male infertility.
18 citations
,
July 2020 in “Basic and Clinical Andrology” Wait 3 months after COVID-19 before trying assisted reproduction and further research is needed on COVID-19's effects on male hormones and fertility.
2 citations
,
September 2017 in “Archives of Medical Science” Finasteride affects offspring's antioxidant enzymes in epididymis, possibly disrupting sperm maturation.
July 2023 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Anabolic-androgenic steroids harm male hormone levels, sperm, metabolism, and can cause acne, hair loss, and breast growth.
A very low-calorie ketogenic diet led to weight loss and improved metabolic and hormonal health in obese men, with better sperm motility.
April 2011 in “The FASEB Journal” Amlodipine impairs fertility in male rats by affecting sperm and testicular structure.
2 citations
,
January 2015 in “Springer eBooks” Environmental factors and exposure to toxins may contribute to male infertility by affecting sperm and hormone function.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Certain drugs can cause male infertility, so fertility counseling and sperm preservation are advised.
67 citations
,
April 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A subtle androgen receptor abnormality can allow normal male development and sometimes fertility despite partial androgen resistance.