54 citations
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February 2002 in “Carcinogenesis” Increasing SSAT makes skin more prone to cancer.
June 2022 in “Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences” Higher testosterone harms sperm motility, while higher estradiol improves sperm survival.
Long-term finasteride use may affect sperm structure and chromosomes.
June 1998 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy” Medical treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can harm sperm production, so freezing sperm before treatment is important for men who want children later.
34 citations
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January 2004 in “PubMed” DHT deficiency in rats reduces sperm content and affects testis structure over time.
11 citations
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March 2010 in “International Journal of Andrology” Finasteride 1-mg doesn't harm sperm or pregnancy chances.
2 citations
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April 2019 in “Journal of Internal Medicine” Men using steroids or finasteride to look more attractive may harm their fertility and sexual function, creating a paradox where they seem fit but may be less able to reproduce.
Dutasteride did not change rat spermatogenesis or oxidative stress but needs more research.
October 2025 in “Physiologia” Spermidine may improve skin health and hair growth by enhancing cell function.
October 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” A small BOTOX dose improved sperm production and movement in older mice.
Finasteride causes reproductive changes in male rats.
37 citations
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February 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Overexpression of SSAT causes hair loss and skin issues, but reducing putrescine can help.
January 2024 in “Wiadomości Lekarskie” Male sperm disorders significantly contribute to infertility.
54 citations
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May 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Excessive putrescine causes hair loss in transgenic mice by disrupting hair follicle development.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology” Finasteride use in male rats may harm their male offspring's liver function.
86 citations
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March 1993 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.
2 citations
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October 1999 in “The Journal of Urology”
January 2025 in “MEDS Public Health and Preventive Medicine” Spermidine supplements can help extend the hair growth phase and may be useful for treating hair loss.
Finasteride affects prostate development differently in male and female Mongolian gerbils.
48 citations
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February 2006 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” 5α-reductase inhibitors may reduce male fertility and could be used for male contraception.
5 citations
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January 2018 in “Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology” Finasteride significantly reduces fertility in male rats.
10 citations
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July 1980 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Topical putrescine and spermine increased DNA synthesis in hairless mouse skin.
October 1988 in “Pediatric research” Certain maturity signs appear before and after the first release of sperm in boys.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Men and women in infertile couples feel using donor sperm may cause more stress and marital issues than using donor eggs.
19 citations
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March 2016 in “Frontiers in Plant Science” Spermidine is essential for plant growth and adaptation to stress.
2 citations
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October 2000 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride daily doesn't affect sperm production or semen in young men.
April 2020 in “Archivos españoles de urología” Dutasteride does not seem to change rat spermatogenesis or oxidative stress.
28 citations
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January 1991 in “Reproductive Toxicology” Finasteride temporarily lowers male rat fertility without affecting libido.
79 citations
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December 1990 in “Clinical endocrinology” The testes control steroid production through complex interactions involving various cells and signaling molecules.