14 citations
,
September 2016 in “Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology” UV exposure damages hair, increasing thiols and altering protein structure.
11 citations
,
September 1996 in “Journal of applied polymer science” Potassium cyanide treatment changes hair's disulfide bonds, making it more elastic.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Hair and wool strength is affected by the number and type of bonds in their protein structures, with hair having more protein aggregates than wool.
29 citations
,
August 2005 in “Biopolymers” L-cysteine slows down the breaking of bonds in hair due to electrostatic interactions.
25 citations
,
May 2019 in “Heliyon” Hair treatments cause significant structural changes, especially with excessive heat, regardless of ethnicity.
52 citations
,
February 2005 in “Biopolymers” Chemical hair straightening changes hair proteins and mostly fixes broken bonds.
1 citations
,
January 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Age-related hair curvature increases due to internal structural changes from grooming.
2 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Washing permed hair after using thioglycolic acid helps reform strong bonds, making hair stronger.
March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds affect the melting behavior of hair's crystalline structure, but hair retains some stability even after these bonds are broken.
19 citations
,
January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
9 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.
1 citations
,
January 2009 in “Journal of S C C J” Changing disulfide bonds in human hair affects its melting behavior and thermal stability.
October 2015 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening changes hair structure and can cause damage if done wrong, but improvements in the methods are expected to continue.
2 citations
,
September 1996 in “Journal of Applied Polymer Science” Potassium cyanide changes hair's disulfide bonds to monosulfide, affecting high-sulfur proteins more.
3 citations
,
September 2021 in “Data in brief” Bleaching hair changes its structure and weakens it, which is important for understanding hair damage and creating treatments.
March 2026 in “Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials” Hair cuticles remain stable and resilient under stress due to strong protein content and crosslinking.
January 2026 in “Molecules” A new perming method is less damaging to hair and works as well as traditional methods.
18 citations
,
January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine change hair structure differently during perms, affecting hair strength and curling efficiency.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “PubMed” Permanent wave treatment with thioglycolic acid changes hair structure by altering disulfide bonds.
45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” Permanent waving weakens hair by altering its protein structure.
December 2025 in “The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research” Ultrasonic and infrared treatments can improve hair strength and appearance with minimal damage.
January 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new method using 1,4-n-butylene dimaleate effectively repairs and strengthens damaged hair.
8 citations
,
May 2017 in “IUBMB life” Astrotactin proteins are important for brain and skin development and are linked to several neurodevelopmental disorders.
3 citations
,
May 2024 in “Amino Acids” Disrupted cysteine metabolism may cause hair breakage in Alopecia Areata, suggesting potential treatments like N-acetylcysteine.
Black hair's diversity in patterns and textures is influenced by follicle shape and keratin, and it holds cultural, artistic, and mathematical significance.
3 citations
,
January 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” EGCG shows strong electron transfer interactions when bonded to DPPG lipids.
March 2010 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.
February 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new amino acid derivative, ATS, improves hair texture and moisture, making it easier to straighten curly hair.
72 citations
,
September 1975 in “Biology of Reproduction” Most zinc in rat sperm is in the tail, linked to structures similar to hair keratin.
101 citations
,
September 2006 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Human mitochondrial DNA polymerase makes very few errors, crucial for preventing degenerative diseases.