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GlossaryNeurosteroid Synthesis

Neurosteroid synthesis refers to the production of steroid hormones within the brain and nervous system, which can influence various physiological processes, including mood, cognition, and stress response. In the context of hair loss, neurosteroids may play a role in modulating hair follicle biology and the hair growth cycle, particularly through their effects on androgen receptors and local hormonal balance. Key distinguishing characteristics of neurosteroids include their ability to rapidly affect neuronal function and their synthesis from cholesterol or other steroid precursors within the central nervous system.

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Intratumoral De Novo Steroid Synthesis Activates Androgen Receptor in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Is Upregulated by Treatment with CYP17A1 Inhibitors

research Intratumoral De Novo Steroid Synthesis Activates Androgen Receptor in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Is Upregulated by Treatment with CYP17A1 Inhibitors

402 citations , August 2011 in “Cancer research”

Prostate cancer cells can make their own androgens to activate the androgen receptor, and treatments like abiraterone may increase this ability, suggesting new therapies should target the entire steroid-making pathway.

Synthesis of Spiro[cyclohexane-1,2'-[2H]indene] Derivatives as Inhibitors of Steroid 5α-Reductase

research Synthesis of Spiro[cyclohexane-1,2?-[2H]indene] derivatives as inhibitors of steroid 5?-reductase

8 citations , June 1995 in “Helvetica Chimica Acta”

Compound 15a was effective in inhibiting 5α-reductase.

research Synthesis and Evaluation of 2‘-Substituted 4-(4‘-Carboxy- or 4‘-carboxymethylbenzylidene)-N-acylpiperidines: Highly Potent and in Vivo Active Steroid 5α-Reductase Type 2 Inhibitors

22 citations , June 2002 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry”

Compounds 15, 20, and 25 are strong inhibitors of human steroid 5α-reductase type 2.

Synthesis of Phenanthridin-3-One Derivatives: Non-Steroidal Inhibitors of Steroid 5-Alpha-Reductase

research Synthesis of phenanthridin-3-one derivatives: Non-steroidal inhibitors of steroid 5-α-reductase

20 citations , June 1995 in “Tetrahedron Letters”

New chemicals were made that can block an enzyme linked to hair loss, prostate growth, and acne.

research Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Avicequinone C Analogues as Potential Steroid 5α-Reductase Inhibitors

13 citations , January 2017 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin”

Certain compounds, especially those with a propionic substituent, could potentially be new treatments for hair loss and similar disorders.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4-(4-(Alkyl- and Phenylaminocarbonyl)benzoyl)benzoic Acid Derivatives as Non-Steroidal Inhibitors of Steroid 5α-Reductase Isozymes 1 and 2

research Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4-(4-(Alkyl-and Phenylaminocarbonyl)benzoyl)benzoic Acid Derivatives as Non-steroidal Inhibitors of Steroid 5α-Reductase Isozymes 1 and 2

8 citations , March 2002 in “Archiv Der Pharmazie”

The compound 4c effectively inhibits the enzyme linked to hair loss.

research Local synthesis and effect of sex steroids in human skin and the hair follicle and hormonal effects on the wound healing response

January 2011 in “Padua Research Archive (University of Padua)”

Local estrogen synthesis in skin may improve wound healing.

research Synthesis of mimics of steroid A ring as potential enzyme inhibitors

September 2002 in “Research Repository (Kingston University London)”

Mimicking the steroid A-ring may help create effective enzyme inhibitors for prostate disease treatment.

Sex Steroid Synthesis in Human Skin In Situ: The Roles of Aromatase and Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein in the Homeostasis of Human Skin

research Sex steroid synthesis in human skin in situ: The roles of aromatase and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the homeostasis of human skin

46 citations , May 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology”

Human skin produces sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, influenced by ARO and StAR, which may affect skin elasticity and hair growth.

research Ovine placental steroid synthesis and metabolism in late gestation†

9 citations , April 2018 in “Biology of reproduction”

Diet changes hormone levels in pregnant ewes by affecting metabolism, not placental synthesis.

research Synthesis and 5α-Reductase Inhibitory Activity of C21 Steroids Having 1,4-diene or 4,6-diene 20-ones and 4-Azasteroid 20-Oximes

186 citations , December 2011 in “Molecules”

Three specific 4-azasteroid-2-oximes showed strong enzyme inhibition, but less than finasteride.

research FACILE WATER MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF FINASTERIDE FORM-I, AN AZAANDROSTANE STEROID

1 citations , January 2007 in “Heterocyclic Communications”

A simple and eco-friendly method was developed to make finasteride Form-I using water.

Neurosteroidogenesis Today: Novel Targets for Neuroactive Steroid Synthesis and Action and Their Relevance for Translational Research

research Neurosteroidogenesis Today: Novel Targets for Neuroactive Steroid Synthesis and Action and Their Relevance for Translational Research

123 citations , December 2015 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology”

New targets for making and using brain-synthesized steroids could lead to better treatments for brain disorders and alcoholism.

research Estro-progestogen combinations: Effect on sex Steroid Binding Protein (SBP) synthesis

2 citations , October 1988 in “Steroids”

Certain hormone treatments can increase SBP levels and help with mild body hair growth.

research Synthesis and Study of Some 17a-aza-D-homo Steroids as 5α-Reductase Inhibitors

1 citations , October 2020 in “Current Drug Discovery Technologies”

The research found that compound 6, a newly created steroid, is more effective at inhibiting 5α-reductase (an enzyme) than current treatments, suggesting it could be a better option for treating urinary tract symptoms in men.

Natural Product-Inspired Bis(Trifluoromethyl) Phenyl Hydroxycinnamate Derivatives as Promising Nonsteroidal Inhibitors of Human Steroid 5α-Reductase Type-1: Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies

research Natural Product-Inspired Bis(trifluoromethyl) Phenyl Hydroxycinnamate Derivatives as Promising Nonsteroidal Inhibitors of Human Steroid 5α-Reductase Type-1: Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies

August 2025 in “ACS Omega”

New compounds show promise as nonsteroidal treatments for hair loss.

research Natural Product-InspiredBis(trifluoromethyl) PhenylHydroxycinnamate Derivatives as Promising Nonsteroidal Inhibitorsof Human Steroid 5α-Reductase Type-1: Synthesis, InVitro, and In Silico Studies

August 2025 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)”

Certain hydroxycinnamate derivatives may effectively inhibit enzymes linked to hair loss with low toxicity.

research The profile of steroid hormones in human fetal and adult ovaries

11 citations , May 2024 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology”

Fetal ovaries produce different hormones than adult ovaries, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals may affect this process.

research Androgen Receptors and Androgen-Dependent Initiation of Protein Synthesis in the Prostate

59 citations , January 1976 in “Vitamins and hormones”

Prostate cells have proteins that bind to specific hormones, which can increase protein production when activated by these hormones.

Matriptase Activation and Shedding with HAI-1 Induced by Steroid Sex Hormones in Human Prostate Cancer Cells, but Not in Breast Cancer Cells

research Matriptase activation and shedding with HAI-1 is induced by steroid sex hormones in human prostate cancer cells, but not in breast cancer cells

56 citations , February 2006 in “American journal of physiology. Cell physiology”

Steroid sex hormones activate matriptase in prostate cancer cells but not in breast cancer cells.

research Steroidogenesis inhibitors alter but do not eliminate androgen synthesis mechanisms during progression to castration-resistance in LNCaP prostate xenografts

57 citations , April 2009 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

Steroidogenesis inhibitors change but don't stop androgen production in prostate cancer.

research Novel 5α-Reductase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Structure−Activity Studies, and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Phenoxybenzoylphenyl Acetic Acids

18 citations , December 2005 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry”

A brominated phenoxy compound effectively inhibits a human enzyme and shows potential for clinical use.