May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
April 2018 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.
12 citations
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March 2017 in “Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology” Testosterone helps prevent skin damage in males by acting through both estrogen and androgen pathways.
11 citations
,
April 2013 in “Homo” Darker skin in 10-year-old girls may be an early sign of puberty.
7 citations
,
October 2003 in “Nonlinearity in Biology Toxicology Medicine” Confirming low-dose endocrine toxicities is difficult and requires more research.
2 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “Springer eBooks” Testosterone is key for male sexual function, and treating hormone imbalances can improve sexual issues.
1 citations
,
February 2017 in “MOJ bioequivalence & bioavailability” Treating hair loss effectively may require a multi-sided approach, using different treatments together, and topical treatments could be more effective and safer than oral ones.
Recent research on androgenetic alopecia focuses on optimizing treatments, with promising new therapies emerging.
July 2023 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Tirzepatide might help manage PCOS in obese patients but needs more research to confirm safety and effectiveness.
April 2023 in “Dermatologica Sinica” Sex hormones affect hair growth and loss, and treatments for related hair diseases include various medications, hair transplantation, and light therapy.
Androgenetic alopecia, or hair loss, is caused by a mix of genetics, hormones, and environment, where testosterone affects hair growth and causes hair to become smaller and grow for a shorter time.
January 2014 in “Anales Médicos de la Asociación Médica del Centro Médico ABC” The combination of oral finasteride and dutasteride with topical minoxidil effectively promotes new hair growth in most people, with minimal side effects.
51 citations
,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
1 citations
,
June 2023 in “Reproduction” Microglia, the brain's immune cells, may contribute to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) by altering the female brain's structure and function, with kisspeptin neurons and GABA neurotransmitters also playing a role.
November 2023 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” Polycystic ovary syndrome causes high male hormone levels, leading to symptoms like excess hair, acne, and fertility problems.
September 2023 in “Diagnostics” Low vitamin D levels may affect ovulation and progesterone in infertile women.
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A man's breast enlargement from low-dose finasteride for hair loss didn't go away, even with treatment, and might be more common than reported.
68 citations
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January 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” PCOS management includes lifestyle changes and medications, with ongoing research into repurposed drugs for better treatment options.
32 citations
,
October 2015 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience” DHT is needed for long-term depression, while E2 is needed for full long-term potentiation in male rat brains.
7 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of clinical medicine research” Menopause causes significant changes in the vaginal introitus, but less so in the labia majora, which may lead to symptoms of vaginal atrophy.
5 citations
,
August 2025 in “Biomedicines” Early detection and multidisciplinary management of skin and mouth side effects from breast cancer treatments improve patient outcomes.
December 2024 in “Frontiers in Neurology” Testosterone with finasteride improved muscle and bone health in men with spinal cord injury.
January 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences” A brain-made hormone can protect against memory-related brain damage caused by harmful proteins.
63 citations
,
January 2010 in “Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience” 3α-androstanediol helps reduce age-related cognitive and mood declines in male rats, unlike testosterone.
74 citations
,
January 2011 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy can improve hormone levels and quality of life in men with morphine-induced hormone issues.
43 citations
,
April 2011 in “AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism” Androgens increase muscle mass by promoting myoblast growth through ornithine decarboxylase.
33 citations
,
January 2009 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” Finasteride reduces prostate cancer risk but may affect ejaculatory volume and requires careful consideration for young men.
29 citations
,
October 2020 in “Environmental health perspectives” Five preservatives may disrupt hormone function and need more health and environmental risk assessment.
14 citations
,
December 2009 in “Der Hautarzt”