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Testosterone is important for male sexual traits, reproduction, muscle and bone health, blood production, and metabolism, and works both directly and after being changed into other hormones.

Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.

Women with hyperandrogenism have higher androgen levels and lower SHBG, which may contribute to conditions like excessive hair growth and early puberty.

Cells from certain embryo parts can induce head formation in another embryo, involving complex signaling pathways.

Machine learning identified three unique subtypes of androgen excess in women with PCOS, each with different metabolic risks.

5α-reduced neurosteroids may help regulate glial cell differentiation.

Cortisone reductase deficiency can cause high androgen and cortisol levels and may be missed in women with similar symptoms.

Neurosteroids like allopregnanolone help control cell death and growth in the developing fetal brain.

Synthetic 19-norprogestins promote bone cell growth and function through their non-phenolic metabolites.

Postmenopausal ovary stromal cells have a unique makeup and limited steroid production, suggesting androgens come from the adrenal gland.

Mimicking the steroid A-ring may help create effective enzyme inhibitors for prostate disease treatment.

Finasteride almost fully depletes allopregnanolone in rat brains and enhances 20α-DHP, but doesn't change 3α-DHP levels.

Androgens don't directly affect hair cell growth or protein production.

Rodent models of PCOS show some hormone changes similar to humans, but also have key differences.

Dysregulated lipid metabolism may play a role in male pattern baldness.

Progesterone and testosterone protect brain cells from damage through specific pathways.

Sex hormones affect brain cells differently in males and females.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and its active metabolites play a key role in various diseases, and the development of 5α-reductase inhibitors can help treat these conditions.

No link found between specific genes and female pattern hair loss.

Spt4 and Spt6 are essential for fat cell development.

Two enzymes regulate androgen receptor activity, affecting treatments for androgen insufficiency and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Blocking the enzyme 11β-HSD1 might help treat obesity and metabolic issues.

Rodent models of PCOS show some similar and some different lipid changes compared to humans.

Monitoring steroid hormones in blood can better detect testosterone doping.

Hair sensitivity to androgens is partly controlled by specific enzyme expressions in different hair areas.