149 citations
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December 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have overall higher body fat, not abnormal fat placement, and more insulin resistance.
15 citations
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January 2002 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.
4 citations
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December 2002 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Estrogens can slow skin aging after menopause, but can't restore youthful skin.
1 citations
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June 2001 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Troglitazone increases subcutaneous fat in lipodystrophy patients.
270 citations
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April 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS often have more belly fat and higher insulin levels, but belly fat isn't the only cause of their insulin resistance.
58 citations
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January 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Obese women with PCOS show a male-like pattern in certain fat tissue gene expressions.
18 citations
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December 2010 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Increased HSD11B1 enzyme expression is linked to higher body fat and insulin resistance.
February 2024 in “Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology” PCOS women have more arm fat and higher insulin resistance and glucose levels than non-PCOS women.
1 citations
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July 2024 in “Skin Research and Technology” Patients with androgenetic alopecia have thinner subcutaneous fat layers in their frontal scalp compared to healthy individuals.
2 citations
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July 2013 in “InTech eBooks” Scalp biopsy helps tell apart permanent and temporary hair loss types and guides treatment.
17 citations
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October 2013 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open” Male pattern baldness may be caused by scalp pressure on hair follicles, which increases with age and leads to a cycle of hair loss. This process is not directly determined by genes.
December 2025 in “Reports of Morphology” Men with alopecia areata have different body fat distribution compared to healthy men.
38 citations
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June 2005 in “Matrix Biology” Minoxidil affects collagen-related genes, potentially helping treat fibrosis.
9 citations
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July 2020 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy” Mitochondrial therapy and platelet-rich plasma therapy both stimulated hair regrowth in aging mice, with mitochondrial therapy showing similar effectiveness to plasma therapy.
7 citations
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October 2024 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” CA-SLN-Ngel significantly reduces cellulite more effectively than regular caffeine gel.
7 citations
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April 2014 in “Cell biology international” Melatonin treatment helps improve skin health in postmenopausal rats.
2 citations
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January 2011 in “Dermatologica Sinica” Taiwan reported its first case of a rare scalp condition with no clear cause or treatment.
January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” Men and women need different facial rejuvenation treatments due to distinct aging processes and anatomical differences.
200 citations
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October 2009 in “European journal of endocrinology” Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.
18 citations
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August 2021 in “PLoS ONE” Melanocyte progenitor cells are found in human fat tissue and can become mature melanocytes, which may help treat skin issues.
The document recommends a multidisciplinary approach and experience sharing to advance facial feminization surgery as a medical field.
August 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Combining PRP with microneedling and minoxidil may help treat severe hair loss.
1 citations
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April 2024 in “Food Frontiers” Pu-erh tea reduces hair loss risk in offspring.
41 citations
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January 2015 in “Burns & Trauma” Tissue engineering improves burn scar reconstruction by using skin substitutes and replacing damaged tissues.
April 2024 in “Applied biological chemistry” Piperine from black pepper can make hair less oily by blocking fat cell development in hair roots.
December 2022 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” HtrA2 activity is crucial for normal hair growth by regulating fat cell development.
22 citations
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October 2011 in “Bone” Androgens affect bone and fat cell development differently based on the cells' embryonic origin.
1 citations
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July 2021 in “Journal of Skin and Sexually Transmitted Diseases” Lipedema is a painful fat disorder in women that's hard to treat, often worsens with hormonal changes, and requires symptom-focused therapies.
90 citations
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February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.
5 citations
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January 2024 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum” Proper management and preventative measures can reduce serious adverse events from deoxycholic acid injections for fat reduction.