6 citations
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November 2015 in “JAMA” Oral contraceptives help mild hirsutism, while flutamide and spironolactone help severe cases.
158 citations
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January 2009 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Reptile scales help us understand the evolution of skin features like hair and feathers.
38 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Reptilian scales, feathers, and hairs evolved from changes in skin cell interactions.
86 citations
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April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
May 2025 in “Journal of Developmental Biology” Jawless vertebrates have teeth proteins similar to those in mammalian hair and nails.
46 citations
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August 1977 in “Journal of Morphology” The big-clawed shrew's sinus hair follicles are highly specialized for sensing vibrations.
33 citations
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October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
December 2024 in “Genome Biology and Evolution” Snakes and worm lizards lost claw proteins due to similar evolutionary changes.
38 citations
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November 2018 in “Scientific Reports” Bird scales evolved from feathers, not reptile scales.
73 citations
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January 2016 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.
26 citations
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August 1971 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizards can regrow their tail scales with the same structure, distribution, and gender-specific features as the original ones, and this unique ability is not seen in adult mammals.
4 citations
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June 2023 in “Journal of developmental biology” The skin systems of jawed vertebrates evolved diverse appendages like hair and scales from a common structure over 420 million years ago.
1 citations
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August 2024 in “Journal of Morphology” Mammary glands evolved from hair organs in Monodelphis domestica.
25 citations
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October 2000 in “Gene” Gene regulatory regions evolve faster than protein coding regions, allowing new gene relationships without changing transcription factors.
111 citations
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February 1991 in “Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain” Valproate significantly improved headaches in two-thirds of patients.
2 citations
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November 1999 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery”
October 2025 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Aging reduces hair cell size and function in mice, contributing to hearing loss.
Bhringraj is a versatile herb that promotes hair growth, treats liver issues, and supports overall health.
March 2022 in “Experimental Eye Research” Parental uveitis causes hair loss in offspring of C57BL/6J mice.
36 citations
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November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
68 citations
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April 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Trichohyalin-like proteins are essential for the development of skin structures like hair, nails, and feathers.
2 citations
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August 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Hoxd gene regulation in mammals and birds is robust despite differences in DNA sequences, due to 3D chromatin structures.
19 citations
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March 2013 in “Biology Letters” Early tetrapod keratins evolved into toe pad proteins in amphibians and hair proteins in mammals.
1 citations
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May 2008 in “Journal of Experimental Biology” Different species have unique sensory adaptations to perceive their environments.
May 2022 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology” FOXN1 is crucial for thymus development and immune response in Xenopus laevis.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Deleting the Hoxc13 gene in frogs shows its crucial role in developing skin structures similar to hair.
Pangolin scales evolved for protection, hardening with age, due to keratin gene diversification.
7 citations
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July 2000 in “Hearing Research” Lateral interactions guide hair cell patterning in chick basilar papilla.
December 2010 in “OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)” Sry may regulate fatty acid metabolism and shows different expression levels in rat tissues.
40 citations
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October 2012 in “Dermatologic clinics” More research is needed to understand the genetic causes of Alopecia areata to develop better treatments.