September 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Biologic agents are effective for severe hidradenitis suppurativa when other treatments fail.
July 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy Sciences” Higher stress levels may worsen alopecia areata, suggesting stress management is important for treatment.
December 2024 in “Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology” Stem cells show promise for hair regrowth, but challenges remain.
February 2024 in “PloS one” Tofacitinib and adalimumab are promising treatments for cicatricial alopecia with few side effects.
December 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” The summit aimed to speed up finding treatments for alopecia areata.
8 citations
,
October 2022 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual” Tofacitinib and ruxolitinib are effective and safe for treating various autoimmune skin and joint disorders.
Oral tofacitinib effectively treats alopecia areata long-term with manageable side effects.
9 citations
,
October 2019 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Oral tofacitinib has a moderate success rate and is generally safe for treating hair loss in some patients.
32 citations
,
December 2018 in “Cytokine” Type I interferons play a key role in the development of various skin diseases.
Baricitinib is more effective than methotrexate for severe alopecia areata.
4 citations
,
May 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” JAK inhibitors effectively and safely treat alopecia areata with few serious side effects.
April 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Upadacitinib effectively treats psoriasis and lichen planus together.
April 2024 in “Frontiers in pharmacology” Brepocitinib 30mg is most effective for moderate-to-severe alopecia areata, but ritlecitinib 50mg may offer a better balance of safety and effectiveness.
176 citations
,
August 2015 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.
4 citations
,
June 2023 in “Frontiers in immunology” JAK inhibitors help hair regrowth in alopecia areata but have a high risk of side effects.
June 2026 in “Saudi Medical Horizons Journal” JAK inhibitors show promise in treating skin conditions like eczema, hair loss, and vitiligo but need more safety research.
290 citations
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December 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss, influenced by genetics, stress, and diet, and may be prevented by a high soy oil diet.
191 citations
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May 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.
148 citations
,
December 2018 in “Journal of autoimmunity” Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.
83 citations
,
June 2018 in “Frontiers in immunology” Certain types of T cells are essential for healthy skin and play a role in skin diseases, but more research is needed to improve treatments.
74 citations
,
May 2016 in “Current opinion in pediatrics, with evaluated MEDLINE/Current opinion in pediatrics” Both vitiligo and alopecia areata involve an immune response triggered by stress and specific genes, with treatments targeting this pathway showing potential.
60 citations
,
September 2015 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology” Lymphocytes, especially CD8+ T cells, play a key role in causing alopecia areata, and targeting them may lead to new treatments.
60 citations
,
September 2013 in “Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics” Immunosuppressive and anti-TNF therapies in IBD patients can increase the risk of skin cancer and cause various skin issues.
57 citations
,
March 2019 in “Immunity” The document concludes that the skin's immune system is complex, involving interactions with hair follicles, nerves, and microbes, and can protect or cause disease, offering targets for new treatments.
55 citations
,
October 2019 in “Dermatology and therapy” Drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway can improve atopic dermatitis but vary in effectiveness for vitiligo and alopecia areata, with generally mild safety concerns.
50 citations
,
March 2021 in “Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology” Dupilumab is being tested for many new skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal conditions.
37 citations
,
August 2022 in “Frontiers in pharmacology” Oral JAK inhibitors are effective and safe for treating alopecia areata but may need ongoing use to keep results.
26 citations
,
June 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Regenerative therapies show promise for treating vitiligo and alopecia areata.
23 citations
,
November 2020 in “Central-European Journal of Immunology/Central European Journal of Immunology” Alopecia areata, a type of hair loss, is likely an autoimmune disease with a genetic link, but its exact cause is still unknown.
19 citations
,
September 2019 in “EMBO molecular medicine” Blocking TSLP reduces skin inflammation and cell overgrowth in psoriasis.