October 2025 in “Science Advances” IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells is crucial for causing alopecia areata.
May 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Treg cell-based therapies might help treat hair loss from alopecia areata, but more research is needed to confirm safety and effectiveness.
November 2020 in “International journal of contemporary pediatrics” Two siblings had a rare immune disorder caused by a FOXN1 gene mutation.
A rare genetic mutation causes severe immune issues, hair loss, and nail problems.
46 citations
,
October 2018 in “JCI insight” CD8+ T cells are involved in alopecia areata and may cause disease relapse.
1 citations
,
January 2025 in “Genes & Diseases” Understanding T cells and signaling pathways can lead to better treatments for hair loss.
1 citations
,
June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Fetal skin has unique immune cells different from adult skin.
April 2026 in “Laboratory Animal Research” The new Hairless R/J mice model improves imaging for tumor monitoring and cancer therapy evaluation.
251 citations
,
October 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.
222 citations
,
October 1993 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hair loss affects women's mental health more than men's, causing anxiety, low self-esteem, and social insecurity.
103 citations
,
June 2006 in “British journal of sports medicine” The document concludes that better biomarkers are needed to detect long-term oral testosterone use in athletes.
95 citations
,
August 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” HPT axis hormones boost mitochondrial function and growth in hair follicles, potentially aiding hair health.
70 citations
,
June 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Air pollution harms skin health and can worsen skin diseases.
69 citations
,
February 2008 in “The American journal of pathology” Controlled delivery of specific RNA and IL-4 restored hair growth in mice with autoimmune alopecia.
61 citations
,
September 2010 in “Genomics” The study found that immune responses disrupt hair growth cycles, causing hair loss in alopecia areata.
58 citations
,
January 2006 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” High levels of testosterone and 5α-DHT can lead to cell death in cells important for hair growth.
54 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of cellular physiology” miR-218-5p helps skin and hair growth by targeting SFRP2 and activating a specific signaling pathway.
52 citations
,
July 2011 in “PubMed” TRPS1 is crucial for bone, kidney, and hair follicle development.
50 citations
,
May 2021 in “Frontiers in immunology” Certain immune cells contribute to skin autoimmune diseases, and some treatments can reverse hair loss in these conditions.
46 citations
,
March 2015 in “Regeneration” Mice can grow new hair follicles after skin wounds through a process not involving existing hair stem cells, but requiring more research to understand fully.
37 citations
,
October 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Oral tofacitinib shows promise in treating atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata, but only slight improvement in vitiligo.
37 citations
,
January 2010 in “Human Molecular Genetics” FTase and GGTase-I are essential for skin keratinocyte health.
28 citations
,
November 2003 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The normal human prostate does not significantly affect blood DHT levels.
27 citations
,
January 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology” Immune cells affect hair growth and could lead to new hair loss treatments.
22 citations
,
September 2011 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TCF/Lef1 is essential for skin barrier function by regulating lipid metabolism.
20 citations
,
June 2017 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation” Long-term use of dutasteride for enlarged prostate may worsen blood sugar, cholesterol, and erectile dysfunction.
18 citations
,
September 2011 in “Livestock science” Maternal Nano-Se supplements improve fetal hair follicle development in cashmere goats.
18 citations
,
January 2001 in “Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry” Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are drugs that can control the effects of androgens in different tissues, potentially having fewer side effects and promising for treating various conditions.
16 citations
,
September 2018 in “Scientific reports” Scientists created keratinocyte cell lines from human hair that can differentiate similarly to normal skin cells, offering a new way to study skin biology and diseases.
15 citations
,
January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” 5α-Reductase inhibitors can negatively affect male sexual function and, in some cases, significantly reduce sperm count, but these effects may be reversible.