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GlossaryT helper 1 cells

specialized immune cells that produce cytokines to fight infections

T helper 1 cells, often abbreviated as Th1 cells, are a subset of T cells that play a crucial role in the immune system by producing cytokines like interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). These cytokines help activate macrophages and are essential for defending against intracellular pathogens such as viruses and certain bacteria. Th1 cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by promoting inflammation.

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research Frontal fibrosing alopecia shows robust T helper 1 and Janus kinase 3 skewing

34 citations , June 2020 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Frontal fibrosing alopecia is linked to increased immune system activity and reduced stem cells, suggesting early treatment targeting this pathway might prevent hair follicle damage.

research CD4 T cells from mice with alopecia areata express an effector like phenotype and can transfer disease

1 citations , May 2023 in “The Journal of Immunology”

CD4 T cells can cause alopecia areata by activating CD8 T cells to attack hair follicles.

research PD-1+CXCR5−CD4+T cells are correlated with the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus

71 citations , May 2019 in “Rheumatology”

Tph cells are linked to the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Identification of Biomarkers in Affected Hair Follicles from Chronic Discoid Lupus Erythematosus by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis

research Identification of Biomarkers in Affected Hair Follicles from Chronic Discoid LupusErythematosus by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis

December 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Key genes linked to immune response are upregulated in hair follicles and skin tissues in chronic discoid lupus erythematosus.

research Identification of Biomarkers in Affected Hair Follicles from Chronic Discoid Lupus Erythematosus by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis

October 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Key genes linked to immune response are highly active in lupus-affected hair follicles.

research Sebaceous Gland, Hair Shaft, and Epidermal Barrier Abnormalities in Keratosis Pilaris with and without Filaggrin Deficiency

23 citations , February 2015 in “The American journal of pathology”

Keratosis pilaris is often linked to genetic mutations and causes skin and hair abnormalities, regardless of those mutations.

research Results of stage I in a phase II randomized bilateral comparison of bexarotene 1% topical gel in alopecia areata

March 2005 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Bexarotene 1% topical gel helped some patients with alopecia areata regrow hair.

research Decision letter: Role of distinct fibroblast lineages and immune cells in dermal repair following UV radiation-induced tissue damage

June 2021

Different types of sun exposure can damage skin cells and affect healing, with chronic exposure being more harmful, and certain immune cells help in the repair process.

research Alopecia Areata: A Complex Cytokine Driven Disease

3 citations , October 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

Alopecia areata is a hair loss disease caused by complex immune reactions, and new targeted treatments show promise.

research 452 Braicitinib treatment reduced the expansion of CD8+ T cells in C3H mice with skin grafts-induced alopecia areata

October 2023 in “Regular and Young Investigator Award Abstracts”

Baricitinib treatment helped reduce hair loss symptoms in mice by decreasing inflammation-related immune cells.

Comedonal Lupus: A Case Study of a 60-Year-Old Moroccan Man

research Lupus comédonien

7 citations , November 2007 in “Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie”

A man was diagnosed with a rare form of lupus after showing unique skin symptoms that responded well to treatment.

Molecular Correlation With Clinical Outcomes in an Open Label Clinical Trial of Oral Tofacitinib in Patients With Alopecia Areata

research 455 Molecular correlation with clinical outcomes in an open label clinical trial of oral tofacitinib in patients with alopecia areata

1 citations , April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Tofacitinib helped most patients with alopecia areata regrow hair and changes in immune cells were linked to the treatment's effectiveness.

research A case of bullous pemphigoid in a malignant melanoma patient following an increased Th2/Th1 ratio in peripheral blood cells after nivolumab treatment

1 citations , October 2023 in “European Journal of Dermatology”

Combining hair transplantation with PRP is more effective for treating hair loss than hair transplantation alone.

T Helper 17 Cell/Regulatory T-Cell Imbalance in Hidradenitis Suppurativa/Acne Inversa: The Link to Hair Follicle Dissection, Obesity, Smoking, and Autoimmune Comorbidities

research T helper 17 cell/regulatory T-cell imbalance in hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: the link to hair follicle dissection, obesity, smoking and autoimmune comorbidities

66 citations , March 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

An imbalance between certain immune cells is linked to a chronic skin condition and may be influenced by obesity, smoking, and autoimmune issues.

research Imbalance of T‐helper 17 and regulatory T cells in patients with alopecia areata

62 citations , June 2015 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

People with alopecia areata have more Th17 cells and fewer Treg cells, which may be key to the condition's development.

The Phenotype of Circulating Follicular-Helper T Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Defines CD200 as a Potential Therapeutic Target

research The Phenotype of Circulating Follicular-Helper T Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Defines CD200 as a Potential Therapeutic Target

32 citations , January 2012 in “Clinical & Developmental Immunology”

Targeting CD200 could be a new treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.

Plain Language Summaries of Various Dermatological Studies

research Plain language summaries

September 2016 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Doctors need more training in skin cancer screening, a new treatment is effective for a skin condition, better diagnosis methods for skin cancer are available, hair loss in women may be linked to hormones and cholesterol, certain skin care products might cause hair loss, babies' skin gets weaker after birth, and a gene mutation might be linked to eczema.

MicroRNA-1246 Inhibits NFATc1 Phosphorylation and Regulates T Helper 17 Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Severe Alopecia Areata

research MicroRNA-1246 Inhibits NFATc1 Phosphorylation and Regulates T Helper 17 Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Severe Alopecia Areata

January 2023 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology”

A substance called miR-1246 may help treat severe hair loss by reducing certain immune cell activities.

research The Role of Interferon-γ in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1

71 citations , May 2024 in “New England Journal of Medicine”

Ruxolitinib may effectively treat APS-1 by reducing harmful immune responses.

research The Role of T‐Helper 17 Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Acute Diffuse and Total Alopecia: The Increased Function of Regulatory T Cells May Explain the Favorable Prognosis

1 citations , May 2025 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

Increased regulatory T cell activity may lead to better outcomes in acute diffuse and total alopecia.

research P130 The densities of T cells, Langerhans cells, and natural killer cells in uninvolved skin of patients with acne vulgaris

September 1997 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

People with acne have more CD4+ immune cells in their skin than healthy people.

research T _H 1 effector CD4 T cells rely on IFN-γ production to induce alopecia areata

October 2025 in “Science Advances”

IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells is crucial for causing alopecia areata.

research Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Low Dose of IL-2 in Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

23 citations , January 2016 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Using low-dose IL-2 to increase regulatory T cells might be a safe way to treat type 1 diabetes without severe side effects.

research Sphingolipid metabolism orchestrates the establishment of the adult hair follicle stem cell niche to control skin homeostasis

January 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

A specific enzyme is essential for proper hair follicle stem cell development and healthy skin.

research The potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies for alopecia areata

May 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Treg cell-based therapies might help treat hair loss from alopecia areata, but more research is needed to confirm safety and effectiveness.

research T Cells Promote Distinct Transcriptional Programs of Cutaneous Inflammatory Disease in Keratinocytes and Dermal Fibroblasts

2 citations , April 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

T cells affect skin cell genes in inflammatory diseases, and therapy can normalize these changes.

research The imbalance between Type 17 T-cells and regulatory immune cell subsets in psoriasis vulgaris

49 citations , August 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Psoriasis involves an imbalance between certain immune cells, and targeting these could help restore skin health.

research Altered expression of intracellular Toll-like receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with alopecia areata

12 citations , March 2016 in “BBA clinical”

Increased Toll-like receptors in blood cells may contribute to alopecia areata and could be a target for new treatments.

research Jagged-1+ Skin Tregs Modulate the Innate Immune Response to Wound Healing

June 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Jagged-1 in skin Tregs is crucial for timely wound healing by recruiting specific immune cells.

research Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Mouse Hair Follicles Inhibit the Development of Type 1 Diabetes

May 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Mouse hair follicle stem cells can help prevent Type 1 Diabetes.