53 citations
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July 2014 in “American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone boosts red blood cell production and changes iron metabolism without needing dihydrotestosterone.
October 2012 in “Sri Lanka Journal of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism” A rare ovarian tumor caused hair loss in a post-menopausal woman, which almost completely stopped after surgery.
14 citations
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June 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” 2 citations
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July 2017 in “Oman medical journal” A man with a rare adrenal cancer showed unusual symptoms and died four months after diagnosis.
July 2021 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Low testosterone levels may contribute to female pattern hair loss in men.
7 citations
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September 1997 in “PubMed”
12 citations
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January 2020 in “touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology” Testosterone may both worsen and protect against COVID-19 effects in men.
7 citations
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June 2020 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Finasteride for hair loss may cause lasting sexual, genitourinary, mental, and anti-androgenic side effects in young men.
Certain medications can negatively impact male fertility.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Ovarian hyperthecosis can cause high testosterone and symptoms like hair loss, and surgery can help improve these symptoms.
1 citations
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February 2023 in “Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition)” 11 citations
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January 1973 in “BMJ” Primary hypothyroidism can mimic pituitary failure but improves with hormone therapy.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy improved symptoms in a woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
8 citations
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January 1991 in “European Urology” Finasteride lowers DHT levels and raises testosterone in a dose-dependent way.
18 citations
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June 2016 in “PeerJ” Testosterone increases certain kidney protein levels, potentially raising blood pressure.
5 citations
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December 2021 in “Pediatric investigation” Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.
42 citations
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May 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
2 citations
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April 2007 in “Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals” The conclusion is that tritium-labeled testosterone metabolites can be made and are better converted into dihydrotestosterone in skin cells than in prostate tissue.
4 citations
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November 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone use for muscle growth can cause hair loss in males.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors in the ovary can cause high testosterone and male traits in postmenopausal women but are treatable with surgery.
5 citations
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November 2001 in “PubMed” An 80-year-old woman's severe hair loss was caused by a hormone-secreting ovarian tumor.
December 2018 in “Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques” Low testosterone might be a common cause of hair loss in male dogs.
June 2020 in “AACE clinical case reports” A woman's severe male hormone excess was caused by a small, hard-to-find ovarian tumor.
38 citations
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May 2021 in “International Journal of Infectious Diseases” Low testosterone may indicate severe COVID-19 in men.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high testosterone in a postmenopausal woman, resolved by surgery.
September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.
January 2019 in “Central European Journal of Urology”
Finasteride and testosterone are the drugs most linked to male infertility, but many other potential drugs may be under-reported.
122 citations
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July 1990 in “Teratology” Finasteride exposure in pregnancy causes genital abnormalities in male rats.
46 citations
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August 2006 in “PubMed” A genetic defect causes males in some Mediterranean populations to be born with ambiguous genitalia and develop male traits at puberty.