78 citations
,
August 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The same gene mutation can cause different symptoms in family members.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A young patient with unusual insulin resistance and high testosterone levels had a rare INSR gene mutation.
53 citations
,
May 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Different mutations in the 5 alpha-reductase-2 gene were found in affected individuals in the Dominican Republic, suggesting no common ancestry.
227 citations
,
January 1998 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Mutations at Val-889 and Arg-752 disrupt key interactions in the androgen receptor, affecting its function.
1 citations
,
November 1995 in “Postgraduate medical journal” A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.
9 citations
,
February 2022 in “Biomedicines” Testosterone treatment may change estrogen receptor methylation in AFAB individuals.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
51 citations
,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
53 citations
,
January 1986 in “Endocrinology” Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.
6 citations
,
January 2020 in “BMC Medical Genetics” A new mutation in the STS gene causes X-linked ichthyosis, even in rare female cases.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
54 citations
,
November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
11 citations
,
November 2014 in “Behavior Genetics” 6 citations
,
July 2018 in “Steroids” Testosterone changes how certain channels work in male rat reproductive tracts, affecting fertility-related fluid balance.
174 citations
,
July 2003 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Five new mutations in the androgen receptor gene were found, helping to understand androgen insensitivity syndrome better.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
124 citations
,
July 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Overexpressing a specific enzyme in mice causes hair loss and female infertility.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology”
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “American journal of clinical pathology” Transgender men on testosterone therapy need ongoing gynecologic care due to potential cancer risks.
97 citations
,
March 2002 in “Molecular and cellular biology” Mutant CDP/Cux protein causes hair defects and reduced male fertility in mice.
3 citations
,
February 2017 in “Archives of Medical Science” Finasteride treatment changes Cx43 in rat testes, possibly causing fertility issues.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 13-year-old girl's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a rare adrenal tumor that produced male hormones.
January 2013 in “Reproductive Biology” 1 citations
,
January 2021 6 citations
,
October 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Male mice with FGF5 mutations grow longer hair than females.
17 citations
,
October 2006 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” The L457(3.43)R mutation in the human lutropin receptor causes increased activity and hormone insensitivity, leading to precocious puberty.
14 citations
,
September 1999 in “Mammalian genome” The scraggly mutation causes hair loss and skin defects in mice.
46 citations
,
October 2012 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Genetic defects in androgen production are linked to male developmental disorders and are improving treatment understanding.