25 citations
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September 2014 in “Pharmacotherapy” Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.
13 citations
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December 2018 in “Development, Growth & Differentiation” Sex hormones, especially estradiol, can change chicken feather shapes and colors.
Finasteride affects prostate development differently in male and female Mongolian gerbils.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors in the ovary can cause high testosterone and male traits in postmenopausal women but are treatable with surgery.
9 citations
,
May 2014 in “BMC medical genetics” A woman with a unique syndrome similar to TRPS has a genetic change near the TRPS1 gene, affecting its regulation.
4 citations
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January 2016 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” A certain genetic variation is linked to a higher risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
24 citations
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December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Transgender women can develop feminine traits and improve their quality of life through hormone therapy and surgery, but results vary and access to surgery can be limited.
301 citations
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May 1998 in “Genes & Development” Ets2 gene is crucial for placental development in mice.
21 citations
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July 2019 in “Cardiovascular Research” High levels of male hormones in pregnant mice cause heart enlargement and poor heart function in their female babies.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An 8-year-old boy's early puberty was caused by a rare hormone-secreting brain tumor, which was successfully treated with surgery.
8 citations
,
June 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A boy's skin fragility and sparse hair were caused by a genetic mutation affecting skin cell adhesion.
1 citations
,
September 2011 in “Journal of Dermatology” A woman with a new PTCH gene mutation has both Gorlin syndrome and severe hair loss.
19 citations
,
July 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” GTx-024 and Danazol affect the uterus like DHT, while GTx-007 has little impact.
January 2021 in “Case Reports” A 71-year-old woman developed male-like features due to high testosterone levels caused by a benign ovarian tumor, which was successfully removed by surgery.
23 citations
,
April 2010 in “Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology” The piRNA pathway genes are crucial in early development and may influence sex differentiation through hormone regulation.
May 2025 in “The FASEB Journal” Targeting the TNFRSF1B gene may help treat hair loss.
9 citations
,
January 1997 in “Endocrine Journal” Gonadal biopsy is the best method to diagnose gonadal dysgenesis.
10 citations
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December 2019 in “in Vivo” Testosterone makes the connections in the uterus lining simpler and lowers certain protein levels, which might lead to infertility.
23 citations
,
January 2014 in “International Journal of Biological Sciences” African American men with prostate cancer have more androgen receptor mutations, which may lead to more aggressive cancer compared to Caucasian American men.
November 2023 in “Scientific reports” The research identified and described a gene important for hormone conversion in endangered catfish, which varies in activity during different reproductive stages and after hormone treatment.
451 citations
,
March 2005 in “Endocrine Reviews” The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.
January 2020 in “International Journal of Trichology” Androgen-producing ovarian tumors can cause male-pattern hair loss in women.
March 2025 in “Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)” The testes significantly contribute to vitamin D metabolism and may affect male reproductive health and conditions like hair loss.
3 citations
,
April 2012 in “Bioinformation” Two specific SNPs in the TRPS1 gene cause excessive hair growth by altering the protein's structure.
25 citations
,
March 2004 in “Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology” Using testosterone-stimulated weanling rats can effectively replace castrated rats for anti-androgen testing, reducing animal stress.
July 2026 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” A young girl had a hormone-secreting tumor removed, leading to decreased hormone levels, but ongoing monitoring is needed.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Feminizing hormone therapy increases kidney filtration rate.
Certain genetic variations are linked to hair loss in Mexican men.
83 citations
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October 1998 in “The American Journal of Human Genetics” A specific gene mutation causes complete hair loss in an Irish Traveller family.
June 2020 in “AACE clinical case reports” A woman's severe male hormone excess was caused by a small, hard-to-find ovarian tumor.