Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
7 citations
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April 2012 in “Clinical investigation” Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.
September 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hormone therapy in transgender and gender diverse individuals affects hair loss differently than in cisgender individuals.
December 2024 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Topical finasteride can cause breast enlargement and tenderness in men.
2 citations
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March 2025 in “Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science” Testosterone is important for women's health, but more research is needed to guide its use.
13 citations
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May 1996 in “Archives of Disease in Childhood” Siblings with signs of virilization should be tested for non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which does not affect adult height but may impact fertility and well-being if untreated.
1 citations
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July 2024 in “Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery” Estrogen therapy can help stabilize the hairline in transfeminine individuals.
January 2020 in “International Journal of Trichology” Androgen-producing ovarian tumors can cause male-pattern hair loss in women.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Diagnosing osteoporosis in transgender people is challenging due to unclear guidelines and hormone treatment effects.
12 citations
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May 2005 in “Current obstetrics and gynaecology/Current obstetrics & gynaecology” Hirsutism is too much hair growth in women like the pattern in men, often caused by high male hormones, and can be treated with hormone control and hair removal methods.
June 2024 in “Trends in Urology & Men s Health” Post-finasteride syndrome is rare but serious and should be taken seriously.
September 2022 in “Medical Herald of the South of Russia” Creating evidence-based guidelines for gender incongruence is difficult due to the personalized nature of transgender medicine.
5 citations
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April 2021 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Higher DHT levels are linked to fewer hypogonadism symptoms in men with normal testosterone levels.
506 citations
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March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.
November 2025 in “BMC Endocrine Disorders” The TT/DHT ratio may help identify PCOS patients with severe metabolic issues.
44 citations
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December 2005 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Combining 5α-reductase and aromatase inhibitors may better reduce estrogen levels.
August 2020 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Finasteride, at doses of 5mg or higher, may negatively affect male fertility by reducing the expression of certain genes involved in sperm production.
Testosterone therapy may help women with low sexual desire after surgical menopause.
52 citations
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March 2022 in “Biology of Sex Differences” Females have stronger immune responses to COVID-19 than males, leading to better outcomes.
Finasteride reduces prostate size and DHT in male mastomys but not in females.
October 2020 in “Medicine - Programa De Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado” Female hyperandrogenism is a condition caused by too much male hormones, leading to skin issues and ovulation problems, often due to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and is treated based on individual symptoms.
February 2014 in “Revista Argentina de Cardiología” Androgens may increase arrhythmias in Brugada Syndrome, while Finasteride could reduce them.
December 2020 in “Skin appendage disorders” Finasteride may effectively treat hair loss in Klinefelter Syndrome patients.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.
1 citations
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January 1996 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Non-invasive imaging helped diagnose a woman's severe hormone imbalance and diabetes, and medication successfully treated her condition.
7 citations
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January 2003 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone is crucial for development, growth, and various body functions in mammals.
3 citations
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December 2000 in “Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine” Antiandrogen therapy may be beneficial for women with hidradenitis suppurativa.
October 2008 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” A 20-month-old girl had a rare adrenal tumor removed successfully, with no recurrence for 10 years.
February 2025 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” 23 citations
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June 1945 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Hirsutism in females is complex, often linked to tumors, and requires more research for better treatment.