October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone may effectively suppress testosterone in some transfeminine individuals.
11 citations
,
November 2022 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Hormonal treatments can change hair and skin in transgender people, but may not fully achieve desired results.
4 citations
,
January 2022 in “Journal of Menopausal Medicine” Gender-affirming hormone therapy in South Korea aligns with international guidelines and has specific side effects.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors can cause high testosterone and symptoms like hair loss in postmenopausal women, but surgery can improve these symptoms.
3 citations
,
February 2021 in “JAMA Dermatology” Masculinizing hormone therapy increases the risk of hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse patients.
26 citations
,
November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
February 2026 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” Transgender women have similar fitness to cisgender women, while transgender men have higher fat and lower strength than cisgender men; hormone therapy affects body composition and strength.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The case highlights the complexity of diagnosing high testosterone in older women and the need for thorough testing.
57 citations
,
August 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men can cause acne.
105 citations
,
June 2010 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.
10 citations
,
September 2015 in “Folia Histochemica Et Cytobiologica” Finasteride treatment in male rats can reduce fertility and affect sperm development in their offspring.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's small ovarian tumor causing high androgen levels was missed by several scans but found during surgery.
December 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Rare ovarian tumors can cause increased male hormones in postmenopausal women; surgery is an effective treatment.
31 citations
,
January 2001 in “PubMed” 9 citations
,
March 2009 in “Endocrine Practice”
5 citations
,
January 2020 in “in Vivo” Testosterone changes important cell communication proteins in pregnant rats' uteruses, which might affect pregnancy success.
52 citations
,
January 2016 in “Sexual Development” Both genetic and hormonal factors are crucial for bird sex differentiation, and disturbances can cause sex reversal.
January 2011 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” Hyperthyroidism can hide signs of high androgen levels in females.
13 citations
,
December 2018 in “Development, Growth & Differentiation” Sex hormones, especially estradiol, can change chicken feather shapes and colors.
110 citations
,
January 1984 in “Progress in brain research” Gonadal hormones may influence sex differences in play fighting in animals, but their effect on human spatial behavior is unclear and needs more research.
10 citations
,
December 2019 in “in Vivo” Testosterone makes the connections in the uterus lining simpler and lowers certain protein levels, which might lead to infertility.
January 2025 in “Case Reports in Genetics” A rare gene variant causes sexual development issues in siblings, needing personalized treatment.
1 citations
,
March 2012 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology” A young girl with high testosterone was thought to have a tumor but actually had PCOS, which was treated with birth control pills.
1 citations
,
June 2024 in “Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología Diabetes & Metabolismo” The risks of testosterone implants in women outweigh the benefits.
174 citations
,
July 2003 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Five new mutations in the androgen receptor gene were found, helping to understand androgen insensitivity syndrome better.
309 citations
,
June 2001 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause androgen insensitivity, leading to female traits in genetically male individuals.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy in transgender individuals can increase acne and affect hair growth and loss.
116 citations
,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
4 citations
,
January 2006 in “PubMed” DHT deficiency may disrupt rat epididymis function by affecting estrogen receptors.
January 2025 in “HORMONES” Gender-affirming hormone treatments need better patient-focused outcome measurements and standardized data collection.