29 citations
,
March 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Testosterone may influence COVID-19 severity and outcomes.
20 citations
,
May 1998 in “PEDIATRICS” African-American girls tend to start puberty earlier than white girls, possibly due to increased androgen production.
11 citations
,
September 1990 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Girls with prepubertal simple hypertrichosis have higher dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels.
Finasteride reduces DHT levels and affects gene expression in fish, similar to its effects in humans.
207 citations
,
September 2002 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” Blocking testosterone speeds up wound healing in males.
5 citations
,
June 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone is important for male sexual traits, reproduction, muscle and bone health, blood production, and metabolism, and works both directly and after being changed into other hormones.
June 2023 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” Hair transplantation is important for transgender patients to enhance their masculine or feminine appearance.
9 citations
,
May 2008 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology” A woman's ovarian tumor causing high testosterone was successfully removed, and her symptoms improved.
July 2001 in “Pediatrics in review” The girl's increased hair growth and other symptoms were due to a hormone-secreting ovarian tumor, which was successfully treated with surgery.
8 citations
,
January 2017 in “Fertility and Sterility” Urologic diseases and treatments in older men can negatively affect fertility, and doctors should talk to patients about this.
10 citations
,
January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapy in transgender patients can lead to skin changes like altered sebum production, hair growth, and acne, which may require dermatological care.
February 2026 in “Cureus” Ciclosporin can cause excessive hair growth even with testosterone blockers.
58 citations
,
January 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Obese women with PCOS show a male-like pattern in certain fat tissue gene expressions.
63 citations
,
December 2010 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Reduced neurosteroids and growth issues can harm fetal brain development, especially in males.
Benign ovarian tumors can cause excess male hormones and related conditions in postmenopausal women.
January 2024 in “Medicina” Proper planning and technique in upper-face feminization surgery are crucial to avoid complications and revisions.
3 citations
,
March 2022 in “Transgender Health” More research is needed to improve lower body gender affirmation techniques.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology” Finasteride use in male rats may harm their male offspring's liver function.
3 citations
,
April 2019 in “Human & Experimental Toxicology” Finasteride causes harmful organ changes in female mice.
19 citations
,
July 2013 in “The obstetrician & gynaecologist” The document concludes that careful evaluation is needed to diagnose PCOS correctly due to similar symptoms in other conditions, and accurate testosterone level measurement is crucial.
15 citations
,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
3 citations
,
April 2012 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride may cause infertility in rats by affecting epididymis and sperm function.
7 citations
,
May 2019 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Transgender and nonbinary individuals experience hair loss, with transmen on testosterone seeing more severe hair loss, while feminizing hormones may stabilize hair loss in transwomen.
131 citations
,
September 2010 in “The Laryngoscope” Forehead modification greatly increases the perception of femininity and is a safe procedure.
June 2025 in “International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics” A testosterone-induced hair loss model in mice was successfully created for future research and treatment testing.
23 citations
,
June 1945 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Hirsutism in females is complex, often linked to tumors, and requires more research for better treatment.
5 citations
,
December 2004 in “Dermatology” Two women with very high androgen levels had only slight skin issues, one due to a non-classical adrenal disorder and the other due to an adrenal tumor.
24 citations
,
March 2018 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Testosterone treatment in transgender teens can worsen acne, requiring careful treatment due to mental health and medication side effects.
July 2020 in “Endocrine practice” A 13-year-old boy with Cushing syndrome has high cortisol levels from a pituitary gland issue and underdeveloped sexual characteristics.
14 citations
,
February 2018 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Mice lacking steroid 5α-reductase 2 show less aggression and better impulse control.