January 2016 in “Journal of SAFOG” Girls with PCOS and menstrual disorders have notably higher androgen hormone levels.
14 citations
,
February 2018 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Mice lacking steroid 5α-reductase 2 show less aggression and better impulse control.
1 citations
,
December 2017 in “Research for Rural Development/Research for Rural Development (Online)” Neutered ferrets often develop hyperadrenocorticism, with symptoms like hair loss and lethargy, and androstenedione is a key indicator for diagnosis.
3 citations
,
August 2004 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Finasteride doesn't change polycystic ovary size or cyst number, suggesting testosterone's role in their appearance.
January 2024 in “Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair transplants can help transgender individuals match their appearance with their gender identity.
451 citations
,
March 2005 in “Endocrine Reviews” The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.
1 citations
,
June 2008 in “The Journal of Urology” Dihydrotestosterone gel before hypospadias surgery led to less scarring but raised concerns about potential psychological effects and skin changes.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormonal therapy in adults with gender dysphoria often leads to skin issues like acne, requiring a team of skin and hormone doctors.
38 citations
,
November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” December 2025 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” 37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
32 citations
,
July 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride effectively treats hair loss in transgender men with few side effects.
April 2026 in “Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy” Balancing testosterone may reduce COVID-19 severity.
1 citations
,
October 2012 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for managing androgenization in women effectively.
May 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The enzyme 5α-reductase is important for proper blood vessel development during the fertility-related transformation of the uterus lining.
37 citations
,
December 2003 in “Reproductive Toxicology” The assay effectively detects hormonal activity of certain chemicals.
11 citations
,
June 2005 in “Postgraduate Medical Journal” Some infants temporarily grow scrotal hair, which usually disappears on its own without any health issues.
April 2024 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” Topical minoxidil helps transgender individuals assigned female at birth grow more facial hair.
January 2026 in “Immunological Reviews” Females generally have stronger immune responses than males due to the X chromosome.
Hormones, especially testosterone and DHT, are key for penis development and function, and testosterone therapy may help with erectile dysfunction in those with low levels.
June 2002 in “Current obstetrics and gynaecology/Current obstetrics & gynaecology” Hirsutism, excessive hair growth in women, often caused by high androgen levels and polycystic ovary syndrome, can be treated with medication and weight management.
25 citations
,
June 2023 in “Biomedicines” Men generally face more severe COVID-19 outcomes than women, partly due to hormonal differences.
October 2019 in “European heart journal” Androgen-deprivation therapies increase the risk of certain heart conditions, but testosterone treatment may help.
May 2022 in “Reactions Weekly” 1 citations
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August 2013 in “PubMed” Testosterone changes reduce thyroxin levels in rats.
Toxoplasma gondii infection may increase testosterone levels in males.
3 citations
,
June 2017 in “Deep Blue (University of Michigan)” Early exposure to fluoride, lead, and certain nutrients affects puberty differently in boys and girls.
Testosterone undecanoate can reduce the negative effects of Finasteride on male reproductive health.
September 2022 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Finasteride may cause lasting sexual and mental health issues, and genetic screening could help prevent them.
26 citations
,
March 1981 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Oestrogen does not affect adrenal androgen levels in children and adolescents.