136 citations
,
January 2004 in “Neuroscience” Testosterone increases seizure risk through its conversion to specific neurosteroids.
105 citations
,
June 2010 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.
39 citations
,
May 2002 in “Oral Microbiology and Immunology” Testosterone increases cell growth and reduces IL-6 in gum cells.
36 citations
,
October 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dihydrotestosterone can be made from dehydroepiandrosterone in skin cells without needing testosterone.
23 citations
,
July 2015 in “The Journal of Membrane Biology” Testosterone increases certain proteins in the uterus, reducing fluid volume.
21 citations
,
November 2010 in “Talanta” Researchers developed a reliable method to measure testosterone and epitestosterone in urine for medical and anti-doping use.
18 citations
,
March 2020 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
18 citations
,
September 1972 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” PCPA induces hypersexual behavior in male rats regardless of age or castration status.
14 citations
,
November 1982 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone conversion to 5α-DHT may not be essential for its effects on the skin.
9 citations
,
December 2009 in “Cancer Research” Both vaginal testosterone cream and Estring effectively manage vaginal dryness in women with early-stage breast cancer on aromatase inhibitors.
9 citations
,
November 1980 in “Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde” Fenoterol treatment causes increased hair growth due to higher metabolism in hair follicles, not hormones.
8 citations
,
November 2015 in “Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences” A mix of Panax ginseng and bee-pollen may help prevent prostate enlargement in rats.
1 citations
,
August 2024 in “PubMed” Zhuangyao Jianshen pill reduces prostate enlargement and inflammation in rats.
March 2026 in “Food Science & Nutrition” Arachis hypogaea L. root extract reduces prostate enlargement and inflammation in mice.
January 2026 in “E3S Web of Conferences” Silver nanoparticles from Mitracarpus scaber protect the liver and reduce prostate enlargement.
April 2025 in “Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )” Cuscuta reflexa extract may help treat benign prostatic hyperplasia by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
January 2025 in “Journal of Food Biochemistry” 2′‐Fucosyllactose reduces hair loss and promotes hair growth in mice.
August 2023 in “Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences/Malaysian journal of medicine and health sciences” Pueraria mirifica extract may help treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
August 2018 in “Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University)” Adolescent male rats release more stress hormones than adults, and testosterone affects them differently.
Testosterone raises blood pressure by affecting kidney function and brain gene regulation over time.
Most men seeking hair transplants have Male Pattern Baldness, influenced by genetics, age, and testosterone, while women's hair loss can be affected by thyroid function, iron, testosterone, prolactin, ferritin levels, and certain conditions. Follicular Unit Extraction is a popular hair transplant technique.
February 2014 in “Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)” Testosterone metabolites may help relieve diabetic nerve pain.
April 2023 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Melatonin in a special emulsion can help treat hair loss more effectively.
Testosterone therapy can safely and effectively treat symptoms like low libido and fatigue in women, especially after menopause.
January 2023 in “Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research” Stauntonia hexaphylla extract can help treat hair loss by blocking certain hormones.
10 citations
,
May 2021 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Testosterone levels aren't important for depression in men, but some other hormones might affect certain symptoms.
46 citations
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July 1974 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Low estrogen and high testosterone may cause excessive hair growth in women.
46 citations
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November 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Men with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism have partial steroid deficiencies, while those with panhypopituitarism have severe deficiencies.