27 citations
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February 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Male cells need DHT to respond to testosterone, while female cells do not.
7 citations
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January 2021 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone with dutasteride improves muscle strength and body composition in trans men.
22 citations
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April 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” Human hair follicles have a unique metabolism that changes between growth stages and may contribute to baldness.
8 citations
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January 1991 in “European Urology” Finasteride lowers DHT levels and raises testosterone in a dose-dependent way.
January 2026 in “Neurochemistry International” 24-Hydroxycholesterol reduces DHT formation in brain cancer cells, linking cholesterol and hormone metabolism.
23 citations
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May 1984 in “Journal of the American Geriatrics Society” Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia may be caused by changes in how the body processes male hormones.
17 citations
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May 2012 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Surgery to lower high testosterone in postmenopausal women with certain ovarian tumors doesn't significantly affect their metabolism.
11 citations
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November 1982 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Testosterone and some of its forms can strongly stimulate oil gland growth in skin.
115 citations
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March 2001 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Key enzymes control androgen levels, affecting hormone activity and potential treatments.
72 citations
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October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
64 citations
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March 1984 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Cyproterone acetate effectively reduced hair growth in hirsute patients by lowering androgen levels and altering androgen metabolism.
41 citations
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July 2001 in “PubMed” Estrogens can reduce DHT production in hair follicles, but are less effective than finasteride and progesterone.
28 citations
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March 1973 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Altered DHEA metabolism in hair follicles may be linked to hair loss in balding men.
26 citations
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November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
24 citations
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April 2008 in “Fertility and sterility” Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity and altered cortisol metabolism in PCOS patients.
15 citations
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October 2011 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Obesity changes androgen levels in women with PCOS, leading to higher testosterone relative to androstenedione.
9 citations
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February 2004 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Canine hair follicle cells metabolize DHEA and testosterone differently than human cells.
4 citations
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December 2021 in “Pharmacological Reports” Metformin is less effective in men with early-onset hair loss.
May 2026 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide helps hair regrowth in hair loss mice by affecting local steroid metabolism and hair follicle responses.
February 2026 in “Nano Research” A new microneedle treatment can help regrow hair by improving lymphatic function and metabolism.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Xiaozhi Yufa decoction may help treat hair loss by improving hair growth and reducing inflammation.
July 2020 in “International Journal of Research” High testosterone increases heart disease risk in women with PCOS.
January 2014 in “edoc (University of Basel)” Anabolic steroids and inflammation can disrupt androgen metabolism, potentially causing health issues.
March 2004 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Testosterone's role in women's sex drive is unclear and needs more research, as low levels don't always mean less sexual interest and high levels can cause side effects.
22 citations
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May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Certain finger length ratios and body hair patterns may predict side effects from birth control pills in women.
February 2021 in “International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)” A higher testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratio in PCOS patients may indicate worse metabolic health.
202 citations
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January 1989 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” Insulin changes sex hormone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome without affecting other hormone releases.
162 citations
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April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
35 citations
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July 2008 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” MPA improved hormonal imbalances and acne in women with PCOS without affecting metabolism.
32 citations
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August 1985 in “Clinical endocrinology” Spironolactone may help reduce hair growth and testosterone levels in some women with hirsutism.