39 citations
,
September 2012 in “Human Reproduction” Certain genetic variations in the SHBG gene are linked to an increased or decreased risk of PCOS in Mediterranean women.
7 citations
,
April 2012 in “Clinical investigation” Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.
12 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
5 citations
,
June 2004 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.
17 citations
,
March 2016 in “Liver international” Men with advanced liver disease and high oestrone and low testosterone levels have worse health outcomes.
September 2025 in “Cureus” Equilibrium dialysis can accurately measure testosterone levels when lab results are inconsistent.
51 citations
,
January 1989 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Men with male-pattern baldness have more androgen receptors in their scalp's oil glands, which may contribute to hair loss.
2 citations
,
December 1994 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The treatment effectively reduced hair growth and was safe for patients with PCOS, but it needs better bleeding control.
46 citations
,
January 2008 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but may cause side effects and is not FDA-approved for this use.
8 citations
,
February 2009 in “Current Women's Health Reviews” Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.
August 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” A postmenopausal woman's facial redness, acne, and excess hair were caused by too much hormone therapy for insomnia, but improved after stopping the treatment.
July 2020 in “International Journal of Research” High testosterone increases heart disease risk in women with PCOS.
69 citations
,
February 1983 in “Gut” Men with coeliac disease may have hormone imbalances that could affect sexual function, but these can improve with better gut health.
May 2025 in “Anatolian journal of obstetrics and gynecology research.” Androgens affect many aspects of female health, and more research is needed to understand their roles and treatment potential.
8 citations
,
June 2016 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Women with persistent acne and high levels of antimullerian hormone are more likely to have polycystic ovarian syndrome.
6 citations
,
September 1998 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone replacement may help postmenopausal women with sexual function and bone density, but suitable treatments are limited.
2 citations
,
August 1987 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Birth control pills can cause skin issues but may help with acne and hirsutism, and choosing the right type can minimize side effects.
5 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Chemotherapy caused a woman's permanent hair loss and early menopause.
77 citations
,
May 2012 in “Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs” New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.
130 citations
,
September 1990 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Flutamide effectively reduced excessive hair growth and improved related symptoms in hirsutism patients without significant side effects.
57 citations
,
December 2018 in “JAMA Surgery” Hormone treatment for transgender patients may not need to be stopped before surgery, but more research is needed, especially on estrogen.
55 citations
,
January 2007 in “Climacteric” Menopause and aging can affect women's quality of life and sexuality, but hormone therapies may help alleviate these issues.
17 citations
,
January 1986 in “Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica” Spironolactone can reduce hair growth and testosterone in hirsutism, but is less effective than combined treatments.
13 citations
,
December 2020 in “BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care” Changes in SHBG levels don't predict diabetes risk reduction.
13 citations
,
June 2018 in “Journal of Womens Health” Combination therapy with oral contraceptives and spironolactone improves hair growth, menstrual issues, and acne in women with PCOS.
7 citations
,
May 2019 in “Journal of the Formosan Medical Association” HSD3B1 gene variant and being overweight linked to hair loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
6 citations
,
February 2013 in “Medical Oncology” Certain genetic variants increase the risk of resistance to hormone therapy in prostate cancer patients.
May 2015 in “Endocrinología y nutrición” The conclusion is that adult males with muscle weakness and hormonal imbalances should be tested for Kennedy's disease.
166 citations
,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
51 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.