4 citations
,
March 2017 in “Development” Estrogen is important for keeping adult mouse nipple skin healthy by controlling certain cell signals.
29 citations
,
December 2016 in “The EMBO Journal” Gata6 is important for protecting hair growth cells from DNA damage and keeping normal hair growth.
42 citations
,
January 2014 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine” Hair growth is influenced by various body and external factors, and neighboring hairs communicate to synchronize regeneration.
55 citations
,
April 2010 in “Cancer and Metastasis Reviews” TGFβ's manipulation of inflammation and immune cells affects cancer spread, suggesting new treatment strategies and biomarkers.
111 citations
,
June 2002 in “The EMBO Journal” Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.
132 citations
,
August 2012 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects” TGF-β signaling is crucial for stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and has implications for cancer treatment.
43 citations
,
March 2009 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” TGF-β2 plays a key role in human hair growth and development.
147 citations
,
September 2006 in “Developmental Cell” Too much Smad7 changes skin and hair development by breaking down a protein called β-catenin, leading to more oil glands and fewer hair follicles.
31 citations
,
September 2013 in “Stem Cells” Smad1 and Smad5 are essential for hair follicle development and stem cell sleepiness.
2 citations
,
November 2019 in “Cancer reports” The Wnt signaling pathway is not a major factor in the development of keratoacanthoma, a type of skin tumor.
25 citations
,
January 2019 in “Annals of Dermatology” Blocking the NOTCH pathway can prevent fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.
87 citations
,
September 2014 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” FOXO1 is important for wound healing, but its dysfunction in diabetes can slow the healing process.
53 citations
,
March 2014 in “Growth Hormone & IGF Research” IGF-1 injections help mice grow more hair by increasing cell growth and blocking a hair growth inhibitor.
December 2023 in “Communications biology” Targeting the HEDGEHOG-GLI1 pathway could help treat keloids.
94 citations
,
June 2016 in “The FASEB Journal” The Wnt/β-catenin pathway helps tissue regeneration but can also cause fibrosis, and drugs that inhibit this pathway may aid in healing skin and heart tissues.
31 citations
,
October 2016 in “PLoS ONE” The ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway is crucial for hair follicle development in cashmere goats.
18 citations
,
July 2021 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” The WNT signaling pathway is crucial for mesenchymal stem cells' function and therapy success.
December 2023 in “International journal of multidisciplinary research and analysis” SH-MSCs gel reduced IL-6 and increased TGF-β, suggesting it could treat alopecia.
28 citations
,
July 2008 in “Developmental Biology” Smad4 is important for healthy hair follicles because it helps produce a protein needed for hair to stick together and grow.
89 citations
,
November 2017 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is important for tissue development and has potential in regenerative medicine, but requires more research for therapeutic use.
27 citations
,
April 2017 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hair loss involves immune responses, inflammation, and disrupted signaling pathways.
5 citations
,
October 2025 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” Traditional Chinese Medicine and biomaterials help heal chronic wounds by targeting multiple pathways.
5 citations
,
October 2014 in “Methods” The document explains how to create detailed biological pathways using genomic data and tools, with examples of hair and breast development.
1 citations
,
May 2017 in “InTech eBooks” Hair loss in Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is due to altered cell sensitivity to hormones, not increased hormone levels. Hair growth periods shorten over time, causing hair to become thinner and shorter. This is linked to miscommunication between cell pathways in hair follicles. There's also a change in gene expression related to blood vessels and cell growth in balding hair follicles. The exact molecular causes of AGA are still unclear.
41 citations
,
October 2008 in “The American journal of pathology” Blocking a specific protein signal can make hair grow on mouse nipples.
346 citations
,
April 2020 in “Frontiers in Oncology” EMT and metabolic pathways help cancer cells resist treatment and spread.
29 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The Msi2 protein helps keep hair follicle stem cells inactive, controlling hair growth and regeneration.
92 citations
,
June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” All-trans retinoic acid causes hair loss by increasing TGF-β2 in hair follicle cells.
44 citations
,
June 2023 in “Cell Reports” IL-1 promotes fat cell growth in skin, while WNT inhibits it and encourages scar formation.
176 citations
,
January 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) help control skin health, hair growth, and color, and could potentially be used to treat skin and hair disorders.