82 citations
,
February 2017 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.
October 2025 in “Records of Natural Products” Kaempferol promotes hair growth and could be a natural treatment for hair loss.
232 citations
,
December 2011 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Understanding and targeting specific molecules can help reduce scarring and promote scar-free healing.
45 citations
,
April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.
May 2024 in “Molecules/Molecules online/Molecules annual” Plant extracts can help prevent hair loss and promote hair growth.
111 citations
,
June 2002 in “The EMBO Journal” Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.
55 citations
,
April 2010 in “Cancer and Metastasis Reviews” TGFβ's manipulation of inflammation and immune cells affects cancer spread, suggesting new treatment strategies and biomarkers.
43 citations
,
December 2008 in “Molecular biology of the cell” Disrupting Smad4 in mouse skin causes early hair follicle stem cell activity that leads to their eventual depletion.
218 citations
,
April 2008 in “Genes & Development” Skin stem cells help repair damage and maintain healthy skin.
14 citations
,
September 2018 in “Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences” Rex rabbits' hair follicles develop dynamically in the first 8 weeks, with key genes and proteins changing over time.
SMAD4 is crucial for muscle repair in young adults but not in aged mice.
April 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Targeting non-Smad pathways in TGF-β signaling may improve keloid treatment.
59 citations
,
March 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Smad-4 and Smad-7 are key in hair follicle development, with other Smads being less important.
11 citations
,
February 2018 in “Oncotarget” Lower SMAD2/3 activation predicts more severe skin cancer.
September 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” TAZ boosts fat cell formation in goat stem cells by activating a specific signaling pathway.
June 2008 in “The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University)” Smad2 and Smad3 are essential for normal skin development, and their absence causes severe skin issues and cancer.
3 citations
,
July 2024 in “Cell Proliferation” Blocking TGFβ can help treat fibrotic skin conditions by promoting fat cell formation.
12 citations
,
September 2007 in “Wound repair and regeneration” Smad2/3-dependent TGF-β signaling increases during wound healing.
Smad4 is crucial for muscle repair, especially in aging, by promoting cell growth over differentiation.
23 citations
,
May 2023 in “Cell Proliferation” TGF-β and FGF pathways are crucial for skin development and regeneration.
321 citations
,
January 2012 in “Cell stem cell” TGF-β2 helps activate hair follicle stem cells by counteracting BMP signals.
44 citations
,
January 2013 in “BMC Dermatology” TGFβ signaling prevents sebaceous gland cells from producing fats.
245 citations
,
January 2018 in “Bone Research” TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.
28 citations
,
July 2008 in “Developmental Biology” Smad4 is important for healthy hair follicles because it helps produce a protein needed for hair to stick together and grow.
288 citations
,
January 2001 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Tgm2 helps stabilize dying cells and aids fibroblast attachment to the extracellular matrix.
February 2026 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” TGF-β3 controls stem cell growth and development, varying by cell type and conditions.
31 citations
,
September 2013 in “Stem Cells” Smad1 and Smad5 are essential for hair follicle development and stem cell sleepiness.
14 citations
,
April 2008 in “PROTEOMICS” Increased 14-3-3 proteins may block hair cycle regression, causing hair loss.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “Cell Death Discovery” Increasing Smurf2 hinders hair follicle stem cell differentiation and wound healing.
Higher TGF-β signaling may increase skin cancer risk in organ transplant recipients.