610 citations
,
April 2014 in “Nature Reviews Immunology” The document concludes that understanding how the skin's immune system and inflammation work is complex and requires more research to improve treatments for skin diseases.
55 citations
,
April 2022 in “Journal of Molecular Medicine” Aging and chronic inflammation weaken the immune system, increasing cancer and infection risks.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” COVID-19 mRNA vaccines may increase the risk of flare-ups in certain inflammatory diseases.
1 citations
,
June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Fetal skin has unique immune cells different from adult skin.
4 citations
,
July 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” 2-deoxy D-glucose does not help with hair regrowth in alopecia areata.
30 citations
,
July 2019 in “PloS one” Patients with Alopecia areata have fewer specific immune cells that normally regulate the immune system, which may contribute to the condition.
3 citations
,
January 2023 in “JEADV Clinical Practice” IL-17 is more important than IFN-γ in causing severe hair loss in chronic alopecia areata.
82 citations
,
October 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Changes to the Foxp3 protein affect how well regulatory T cells can control the immune system, which could help treat immune diseases and cancer.
August 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Bullous pemphigoid, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and alopecia areata may share immune-related causes.
July 2023 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine ” Alopecia areata is a hair loss condition caused by immune factors and can be treated with JAK inhibitors.
September 2024 in “South Eastern European Journal of Public Health” Alopecia areata patients have higher IgE and IL-13 levels, suggesting immune involvement.
16 citations
,
June 2017 in “Advances in Therapy” New treatments for hair loss are showing promise due to better understanding of genetics and the immune system.
68 citations
,
September 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Air pollution (PM10) increases skin inflammation and aging by reducing collagen and may trigger a repair response in skin cells.
119 citations
,
July 2016 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.
36 citations
,
December 2015 in “Drugs” New treatments for a chronic skin condition show promise, but individualized plans are crucial due to varying responses.
2 citations
,
September 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” T-regulatory cells are important for skin health and can affect hair growth and reduce skin inflammation.
112 citations
,
January 2013 in “Experimental dermatology” Faulty Notch signalling may cause hair follicle changes and inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa.
June 2024 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” TSLP affects atopic dermatitis by increasing sebum and reducing fat through IL-4/IL-13 signaling.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Certain probiotics can help improve skin conditions like atopic dermatitis, but more research is needed.
January 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Pediatric alopecia areata is more immune-active than adult cases, suggesting age-specific treatments and potential use of JAK inhibitors.
October 2023 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Dupilumab helped a 4-year-old grow hair back after another treatment failed.
June 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Tofacitinib regrew hair in a man with total hair loss but raised cytokine levels, needing more research on possible side effects.
November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Secukinumab reduces immune activity in hidradenitis suppurativa skin.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Pediatrics” COVID-19 may trigger hair loss conditions like alopecia areata.
January 2026 in “Experimental Dermatology” Keratinocytes contribute to hidradenitis suppurativa by causing inflammation and worsening the condition.
91 citations
,
May 2023 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” Alopecia Areata affects 2% globally, with treatments like essential oils, garlic, and JAK inhibitors showing promise, but more research is needed.
2 citations
,
May 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Targeting CD169+ skin macrophages may help treat psoriasis.
1 citations
,
July 2025 in “Barrier Immunity” A holistic approach is crucial for treating skin disorders and restoring barrier function.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Using healthy donor stem cells can potentially calm overactive immune cells and reduce inflammation in severe hair loss patients, offering a possible treatment method.
January 2026 in “Microorganisms” Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis J12 helps reduce atopic dermatitis symptoms.