Botulinum toxin type A significantly reduces scalp psoriasis severity compared to placebo.
CD4 T cells need IFN-γ to cause hair loss in alopecia areata.
58 citations
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July 2018 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Alopecia areata severity is linked to increased TH1 and TH2 activity.
6 citations
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March 2016 in “Scandinavian journal of immunology” Janus kinase inhibitors show promise in treating alopecia areata but need more safety research.
2 citations
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May 2025 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Upadacitinib is safe and effective for treating alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis in children.
January 2024 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” The study suggests that hypothyroidism may cause alopecia areata.
30 citations
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May 2016 in “Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy” New treatments targeting immune pathways show promise for severe hair loss but need more research for safety and effectiveness.
29 citations
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February 2018 in “European Journal of Immunology” Regulatory T cells are essential for normal and improved wound healing in mice.
4 citations
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September 2021 in “Frontiers in allergy” The conclusion is that understanding the complex relationship between allergies, autoimmunity, and psychological factors is key to treating skin disorders with itching.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 36 citations
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December 2021 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Two drugs, ritlecitinib and brepocitinib, improved scalp hair loss condition markers.
October 2025 in “Science Advances” IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells is crucial for causing alopecia areata.
13 citations
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May 2023 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Reduced SIRT1 in hair cells may cause alopecia areata by triggering immune responses.
3 citations
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January 2019 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” People with alopecia areata may also have allergic rhinitis and should be checked for respiratory allergies.
February 2026 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Alopecia areata involves immune system issues and specific cell types that disrupt hair growth, leading to hair loss.
December 2024 in “Quality in Sport” PCOS involves immune system issues and inflammation, possibly leading to autoimmune diseases.
Alopecia areata patients show increased inflammation and OX40 activation, suggesting a new treatment target.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The new skin-targeted COVID-19 vaccine creates strong immune responses and could improve vaccination methods.
71 citations
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October 2013 in “Experimental Dermatology” Vitiligo and alopecia areata may have similar causes despite their differences.
1 citations
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April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Tofacitinib may slow hair loss in scarring alopecias but is unlikely to regrow significant hair.
January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” PDE inhibitors, especially PDE4 inhibitors like apremilast, are effective for certain inflammatory skin conditions but have side effects and can be costly.
28 citations
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February 2010 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” WNT10A mutations cause varied symptoms in patients with odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia.
5 citations
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November 2024 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology” Dupilumab effectively controls symptoms in infants with Netherton syndrome.
3 citations
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May 2018 in “European Journal of Dermatology” Photodynamic therapy may not work for erythroplasia of Queyrat and could lead to invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
3 citations
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March 2020 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Tildrakizumab showed limited effectiveness in treating chronic alopecia areata in a small group of patients.
October 2021 in “Dermatology Reports” Higher IL-17A levels indicate more severe alopecia areata.
January 2021 in “Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia 2020” Tofacitinib improved arthritis and partially improved hair loss in a lupus patient without side effects.
January 2019 in “Springer eBooks” Acne is linked to inflammation and insulin resistance, and is associated with various syndromes that require different treatments.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Kaempferol helps skin stem cells grow and may improve skin thickness due to its 3-OH group.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Removing STAT5 from 3D-cultured human skin cells reduces their ability to grow hair.