176 citations
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August 2015 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.
March 2005 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Higher levels of IL-1a and IL-1RA were found in severe alopecia areata cases.
58 citations
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July 2018 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Alopecia areata severity is linked to increased TH1 and TH2 activity.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” People with atopic dermatitis have more CD4+ T cells that respond to a certain bacterial lipid, which may play a role in the skin condition's inflammation.
37 citations
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December 2021 in “Cells” Alopecia areata severity and treatment response are linked to specific cytokine levels.
15 citations
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October 2022 in “Allergy” Dupilumab treatment reduces Th2-related markers and helps hair growth in alopecia areata, showing Th2's role in the condition.
30 citations
,
May 2016 in “Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy” New treatments targeting immune pathways show promise for severe hair loss but need more research for safety and effectiveness.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Both Th1 and Th2 immune responses are increased in alopecia areata, with Th2 response more strongly linked to how severe the disease is.
1 citations
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January 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Genetically at-risk healthy people show similar immune issues as those with Pemphigus vulgaris or Alopecia areata.
10 citations
,
October 2024 in “Dermatology Practical & Conceptual” Dupilumab may worsen Alopecia Areata in some males but improve it in some females, suggesting personalized treatment is needed.
51 citations
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March 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Alarmin cytokines are key in controlling skin immunity and inflammation.
25 citations
,
December 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Targeted cytokine treatments may help with alopecia areata, but more research is needed.
1 citations
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April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Fzd2 is important for skin and hair development through various signaling ways.
12 citations
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March 2016 in “BBA clinical” Increased Toll-like receptors in blood cells may contribute to alopecia areata and could be a target for new treatments.
January 2020 in “Der Pharmacia Lettre” Nanoparticle-based herbal remedies could be promising for treating hair loss with fewer side effects and lower cost, but more research is needed.
June 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Tofacitinib regrew hair in a man with total hair loss but raised cytokine levels, needing more research on possible side effects.
1 citations
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April 2023 in “World Journal of Urology” Finasteride reduces some inflammation in BPH but not all.
29 citations
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February 2018 in “European Journal of Immunology” Regulatory T cells are essential for normal and improved wound healing in mice.
40 citations
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December 2012 in “PLoS ONE” Removing Ctip2 in skin cells causes skin inflammation similar to atopic dermatitis.
Certain immune markers and vitamin levels could help diagnose alopecia areata.
24 citations
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May 2019 in “PLOS ONE” The African spiny mouse can fully regenerate its muscle without scarring, unlike the common house mouse.
February 2026 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Alopecia areata involves immune system issues and specific cell types that disrupt hair growth, leading to hair loss.
3 citations
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September 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” JAK inhibitors are effective for treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata.
29 citations
,
December 2022 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology” Stem cell vesicles reduced eczema symptoms in mice safely.
65 citations
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December 2015 in “Experimental dermatology” Corticosteroid treatment reduces inflammation and alters hair keratins in alopecia areata.
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata share immune and genetic factors, and targeted therapies may help both.
69 citations
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February 2008 in “The American journal of pathology” Controlled delivery of specific RNA and IL-4 restored hair growth in mice with autoimmune alopecia.
4 citations
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October 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Naringin may help treat atopic dermatitis by reducing inflammation and improving the skin barrier.
1 citations
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May 2023 in “Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences” New cytokine-targeted therapies show promise for treating alopecia areata.
2 citations
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April 2025 in “Biologics” Dupilumab and ustekinumab are promising treatments for alopecia areata, showing significant hair regrowth.