36 citations
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January 2007 in “Archives of Histology and Cytology” Type IV collagen chains vary in different parts of human skin, with specific patterns linked to melanocytes.
54 citations
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May 1994 in “Veterinary Pathology” PTHrP is higher in certain dog tumors and may act as a local growth factor.
1 citations
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February 2022 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” TDM10842, a thyroid hormone receptor activator, was found to effectively promote hair growth in mice.
September 2025 in “Science Advances” PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.
2 citations
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January 1993 Trichohyalin is a versatile protein involved in hair and skin structure.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A virus protein can activate a pathway that may lead to abnormal hair follicle development.
October 2022 in “The American journal of gastroenterology” Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity can cause liver damage and affects multiple organs, with limited treatment options and a generally poor prognosis.
4 citations
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January 1994 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes” PTHrP regulates various normal body functions, including bone development, skin, and muscle function.
Thymoma with alopecia areata may be linked to abnormal immune cells.
1 citations
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January 2023 in “Burns & Trauma” Wnt4 protein makes the outer skin layer thicker in burn wounds by turning on a specific healing pathway and loosening the connections between skin cells.
25 citations
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December 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TRPV4 slows hair growth by affecting hair follicle cells.
52 citations
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June 1991 in “Journal of Virology” The hamster polyomavirus middle T antigen is linked to tumors in hamsters and associates with a specific tyrosine kinase.
10 citations
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February 2019 in “Journal of cellular physiology” TGF-β2 helps yak hair follicles enter the regression phase, while HSP70 tries to prevent it.
34 citations
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July 2006 in “The Journal of Comparative Neurology” Increasing neurotrophin 4 in skin boosts nerve endings but not sensory neuron count.
15 citations
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November 2023 in “Immunity & ageing” TLR4 is important in aging-related diseases and could be a new treatment target.
May 2022 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology” FOXN1 is crucial for thymus development and immune response in Xenopus laevis.
52 citations
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January 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Thrombospondin-1 is crucial for hair follicle regression and reduced blood vessel growth during the catagen phase.
21 citations
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November 2010 in “Journal of molecular medicine” FoxN1 gene is essential for proper thymus structure and preventing hair loss.
25 citations
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April 2012 in “Veterinary and comparative oncology” Megavoltage radiation therapy extended survival in rabbits with thymomas, especially in those weighing more than 1.57 kg.
February 2026 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” TGF-β3 controls stem cell growth and development, varying by cell type and conditions.
321 citations
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January 2012 in “Cell stem cell” TGF-β2 helps activate hair follicle stem cells by counteracting BMP signals.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Aging reduces skin cell renewal and defense against germs due to TGFbeta, but blocking TGFbeta could help restore these functions.
105 citations
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February 1996 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” The TGM3 gene's promoter region is key for skin and hair cell function and may aid gene therapy.
October 2025 in “Science Advances” IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells is crucial for causing alopecia areata.
Smad4 is crucial for muscle repair, especially in aging, by promoting cell growth over differentiation.
January 2008 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” Betamethasone activates and increases the growth of certain skin cells from hair follicles.
9 citations
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September 2022 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” Replacing defective mesenchymal cells with normal ones fixes thymic growth issues in 22q11.2DS mouse models.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human TMEM2 does not break down hyaluronan but helps control its metabolism.
January 2006 in “Chieh P'ou Hsueh Pao” Beta-catenin boosts hair follicle cell growth by increasing c-myc expression.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human hair follicles have their own thyroid hormone system.