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GlossaryThyroid Hormone

regulates metabolism and energy production in the body

Thyroid hormone refers to the hormones produced by the thyroid gland, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy production, and overall growth and development. Imbalances in thyroid hormone levels can lead to conditions such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, which can affect various bodily functions, including hair growth and health.

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Thyroid Hormones Directly Alter Human Hair Follicle Functions: Anagen Prolongation and Stimulation of Both Hair Matrix Keratinocyte Proliferation and Hair Pigmentation

research Thyroid Hormones Directly Alter Human Hair Follicle Functions: Anagen Prolongation and Stimulation of Both Hair Matrix Keratinocyte Proliferation and Hair Pigmentation

115 citations , August 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Thyroid hormones help hair grow, reduce hair loss, and increase hair pigment.

research Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, a Novel, Locally Produced Modulator of Human Epidermal Functions, Is Regulated by Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Thyroid Hormones

105 citations , February 2010 in “Endocrinology”

The skin produces and responds to thyroid-stimulating hormone, which is controlled by other thyroid-related hormones.

research Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis Hormones Stimulate Mitochondrial Function and Biogenesis in Human Hair Follicles

95 citations , August 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

HPT axis hormones boost mitochondrial function and growth in hair follicles, potentially aiding hair health.

Fadrozole And Finasteride Exposures Modulate Sex Steroid- And Thyroid Hormone-Related Gene Expression In Silurana (Xenopus) Tropicalis Early Larval Development

research Fadrozole and finasteride exposures modulate sex steroid- and thyroid hormone-related gene expression in Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis early larval development

60 citations , November 2009 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology”

Fadrozole and finasteride change gene expression related to sex hormones and thyroid hormones in frog larvae development.

research Thyroid hormone action on skin

44 citations , July 2011 in “Dermato-endocrinology”

Thyroid hormone affects skin health, with too little causing rough, pale skin and too much leading to smooth, thin skin, and may also impact wound healing and skin conditions.

research Endocrine controls of primary adult human stem cell biology: Thyroid hormones stimulate keratin 15 expression, apoptosis, and differentiation in human hair follicle epithelial stem cells in situ and in vitro

42 citations , July 2010 in “European Journal of Cell Biology”

Thyroid hormones affect hair follicle stem cells by promoting differentiation and reducing growth.

research Thyroid hormone action in epidermal development and homeostasis and its implications in the pathophysiology of the skin

32 citations , March 2021 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation”

Thyroid hormones are important for skin health and changes in them can affect conditions like hair loss and eczema.

research Thyroid hormone action on skin

30 citations , October 2012 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity”

Thyroid hormones are important for skin health and might help treat skin diseases, but more research is needed to understand their effects fully.

research Thyroid Hormone and Wound Healing

28 citations , January 2013 in “Journal of Thyroid Research”

Thyroid hormone may speed up wound healing and hair growth, but more research is needed to understand its role in skin repair and use as a treatment.

Cloning of the Human Phenol Sulfotransferase Gene Family: Three Genes Implicated in the Metabolism of Catecholamines, Thyroid Hormones, and Drugs

research Cloning of the human phenol sulfotransferase gene family: three genes implicated in the metabolism of catecholamines, thyroid hormones and drugs

26 citations , February 1998 in “Chemico-Biological Interactions”

Scientists identified three genes important for processing certain brain chemicals, thyroid hormones, and medications.

research Impaired Hair Growth and Wound Healing in Mice Lacking Thyroid Hormone Receptors

24 citations , September 2014 in “PloS one”

Thyroid hormone receptors are essential for hair growth and wound healing.

research Thyroid hormone action on skin.

24 citations , July 2011 in “PubMed”

Thyroid hormones affect skin texture, hair and nail growth, and can cause skin diseases related to thyroid problems.

research Expression Profiles of Reproduction- and Thyroid Hormone-Related Transcripts in the Brains of Chemically-Induced Intersex Frogs

24 citations , January 2011 in “Sexual Development”

Intersex frogs have different brain gene activity related to sex and thyroid hormones.

research The Thyroid Hormone Analogue KB2115 (Eprotirome) Prolongs Human Hair Growth (Anagen) Ex Vivo

17 citations , April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

KB2115 (eprotirome) can safely extend the hair growth phase without damaging cells or changing hair color.

Thyroid Hormones and Androgens Differentially Regulate Gene Expression in Testes and Ovaries of Sexually Mature Silurana Tropicalis

research Thyroid hormones and androgens differentially regulate gene expression in testes and ovaries of sexually mature Silurana tropicalis

13 citations , July 2018 in “General and comparative endocrinology”

Thyroid hormones and androgens affect gene expression in frog reproductive organs differently between males and females.

research Effect of thyroid hormone and epidermal growth factor on tactile hair development and craniofacial morphogenesis in the postnatal rat.

10 citations , January 1987 in “PubMed”

Thyroid hormone and epidermal growth factor affect hair angle, tooth eruption, and ear development in rats.

research Profiling steroid and thyroid hormones with hair analysis in a cohort of women aged 25 to 45 years old

6 citations , February 2022 in “European journal of endocrinology”

The method can measure multiple hormones in women's hair and may help identify hormone-related health issues.

research Repigmentation of Gray Hair After Thyroid Hormone Treatment

6 citations , January 2007 in “Actas dermo-sifiliográficas/Actas dermo-sifiliográficas”

Gray hair regained color after thyroid hormone treatment.

research Cell type‐specific actions of thyroid hormones in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis

3 citations , January 2024 in “Liver International”

Targeting thyroid hormone receptor α in liver cells may help treat liver fibrosis.

Detection of Five Substitution TPO Mutations in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Thyroid Hormones Disturbance Patients

research Detection of five substitution TPO mutations in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid hormones disturbance patients

2 citations , June 2014 in “مجلة مركز بحوث التقنيات الاحيائية”

Five different TPO gene mutations were found in PCOS patients with thyroid hormone issues.

research Corrigendum to “Endocrine controls of primary adult human stem cell biology: Thyroid hormones stimulate keratin 15 expression, apoptosis, and differentiation in human hair follicle epithelial stem cells in situ and in vitro” [Eur. J. Cell Biol. (2010) 769–777]

1 citations , November 2012 in “European Journal of Cell Biology”

The authors clarified data overlap and corrected a figure error, apologizing for any confusion.

research Thyroid Hormone Receptor Agonist Promotes Hair Growth in Mice

1 citations , February 2022 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

TDM10842, a thyroid hormone receptor activator, was found to effectively promote hair growth in mice.

research Selective Pituitary Resistance to Thyroid Hormone: Clinical Hyperthyroidism with High TSH on Levothyroxine Administration in I-131 Ablated “Graves Disease”

1 citations , January 2022 in “Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases”

The woman was misdiagnosed with Graves Disease, leading to incorrect treatment, while she actually had Pituitary Resistance to Thyroid Hormone.

Quantitative Analysis of Selected Circulating Hematological Biomarkers, Essential Minerals, Vitamins, and Thyroid Hormones in Females Affected by Hair Loss

research Quantitative Analysis of Selected Circulating Hematological Biomarkers, Essential Minerals, Vitamins, and Thyroid Hormones in Females Affected by Hair Loss

October 2025 in “Diseases”

Women with hair loss often have deficiencies in iron, vitamins, minerals, and lower thyroid function, suggesting the need for nutritional and hormonal treatment.