9 citations
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November 2007 in “Blood” TMPRSS6 is crucial for controlling hepcidin and normal iron absorption.
50 citations
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July 2021 in “Nature Communications” The drug enzalutamide may reduce the ability of the virus causing COVID-19 to enter lung cells.
38 citations
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January 2020 in “Cell Transplantation” Targeting ACE2 and TMPRSS2 may help prevent or treat COVID-19 in cancer patients.
30 citations
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February 2021 in “Journal of Medical Virology” TMPRSS2 affects COVID-19 severity and treatment options.
16 citations
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August 2021 in “Tumor Biology” TMPRSS2 helps viruses enter cells and protects the prostate from inflammation-related cancer.
5 citations
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December 2021 in “Scientific Reports” Age affects how certain proteins involved in COVID-19 infection are expressed in mice, but sex hormones and heart injury do not.
4 citations
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June 2025 in “Medeniyet Medical Journal” TMPRSS2 is crucial for COVID-19 infection and is a potential target for treatment.
2 citations
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June 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” A prostate cancer drug can lower the levels of a protein that the coronavirus uses to enter lung cells.
1 citations
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January 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Enzalutamide, a prostate cancer drug, may help prevent COVID-19 by blocking the virus from entering lung cells.
January 2026 in “Journal of Contemporary Medicine” Vitamin D may help prevent or reduce hair loss after COVID-19.
Finasteride may help reduce COVID-19 infection by altering a key gene.
77 citations
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July 2020 in “European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology” Blocking the virus's entry into cells by targeting certain pathways could lead to early COVID-19 treatments.
9 citations
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June 2023 in “Human Genomics” MX1 and AR genes are linked to milder COVID-19, while TMPRSS2 increases severe risk, especially in women.
Matriptase-2 helps control iron levels by suppressing hepcidin, and its deficiency can cause iron-deficiency anemia.
228 citations
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January 2021 in “Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology” Men have more severe COVID-19 outcomes than women.
224 citations
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February 2013 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” ERG increases SOX9, promoting prostate cancer growth and invasion.
176 citations
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May 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy” COVID-19 can cause different skin symptoms that may help with early diagnosis and show how severe the disease is.
123 citations
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May 2020 in “Drug Development Research” Men's sensitivity to male hormones might affect how severe COVID-19 gets for them.
121 citations
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November 2020 in “Endocrine” Male hormones like testosterone may make COVID-19 worse, and testing for sensitivity to these hormones could help predict how severe a patient's symptoms might be. Treatments that reduce these hormones are being explored.
80 citations
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June 2020 in “Dermatopathology” COVID-19 can cause various skin lesions, which may result from the virus and immune response, and are not directly linked to illness severity.
59 citations
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October 2020 in “Stem Cell Reviews and Reports” Men have higher COVID-19 mortality rates than women due to biological and lifestyle factors.
58 citations
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December 2020 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” The conclusion is that individual differences in COVID-19 severity are influenced by factors like age, sex, race, and genetics, which are important for personalized medicine.
42 citations
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June 2020 in “Seminars in Oncology” Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with men often faring worse, and targeting related pathways could offer treatment options.
40 citations
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October 2020 in “Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews” Higher androgen levels might make COVID-19 worse, especially in men.
38 citations
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May 2021 in “International Journal of Infectious Diseases” Low testosterone may indicate severe COVID-19 in men.
38 citations
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December 2009 in “Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology” The conclusion suggests that prostate cancer should be classified by castration status and that new therapies targeting androgen receptor signaling show promise.
36 citations
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July 2020 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Spironolactone might help protect against severe lung problems in COVID-19 patients.
34 citations
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September 2020 in “BMC Endocrine Disorders” Existing drug dexamethasone may lower death risk in severe COVID-19 cases; more research needed for other drugs.
23 citations
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February 2021 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Betacoronaviruses, like COVID-19, may cause hormone system dysfunction and affect disease susceptibility and severity.
21 citations
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January 2021 in “Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone may have a dual role in COVID-19, potentially worsening outcomes in men, and testosterone therapy could help some patients, but more research is needed.