November 2025 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” Immune cell-targeting biologics show potential for treating alopecia areata but need better-targeted therapies.
88 citations
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August 2019 in “Nature communications” Researchers found a specific immune receptor in patients that causes severe skin reactions to a drug.
125 citations
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September 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology” Foxp3 is crucial for regulatory T cell function, and targeting these cells may help treat immune disorders.
Retinoids can help treat skin pigmentation disorders by affecting melanin production.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The role of γδT-cells in causing alopecia areata remains unclear.
48 citations
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January 2005 in “Treatments in Endocrinology” 21 citations
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May 2017 in “Paediatric drugs” Individualized treatment plans are crucial for children with alopecia areata, with promising options like JAK inhibitors showing significant hair regrowth.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TEC kinases may help cause inflammation in vitiligo and could be targeted for treatment.
August 2001 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” Prednisone has risks for lupus patients, isotretinoin is safe for mental health, transplant patients risk skin cancer, and various treatments are effective for specific skin conditions.
September 2018 in “PubMed” New strategies like vitamin A and dextromethorphan can help reduce methotrexate side effects and improve patient adherence.
105 citations
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September 1995 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Recombinant cytokine therapy can cause skin reactions ranging from mild to severe.
5 citations
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June 2002 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Alopecia areata management involves explaining the condition, using treatments like steroids and immunotherapy, and providing support like counseling and wigs.
Newer retinoid drugs are effective for skin conditions but have significant side effects.
October 2024 in “International journal of medicine and psychology.” Targeted immune modulation can help achieve stable remission in alopecia areata.
53 citations
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July 2009 in “Cancer Research” Blocking certain proteins can reduce skin inflammation caused by cancer treatment.
October 2025 in “Transactions on Materials Biotechnology and Life Sciences” Immunotherapies for non-small cell lung cancer show promise in improving treatment and reducing side effects.
January 2026 in “Dermatologica Sinica” New and repurposed treatments are improving outcomes in dermatology.
February 2011 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” New findings suggest targeting IL-23 could treat psoriasis, skin cells can adapt to new roles, direct conversion of skin cells to blood cells may aid cell therapy, removing certain tumor cells could boost cancer immunotherapy, and melanoma may have many tumorigenic cells, not just cancer stem cells.
12 citations
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March 2016 in “BBA clinical” Increased Toll-like receptors in blood cells may contribute to alopecia areata and could be a target for new treatments.
61 citations
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June 2010 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Anti-TNF-α therapy may increase the risk of developing alopecia areata, especially in those with a history of autoimmune disease.
25 citations
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December 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Targeted cytokine treatments may help with alopecia areata, but more research is needed.
2 citations
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March 2015 in “Expert opinion on orphan drugs” New treatments for hair loss show promise but need more research to confirm safety and effectiveness.
21 citations
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January 2024 in “Science Immunology” Regulatory T cells protect hair follicle stem cells by maintaining immune privilege in the skin.
October 2025 in “Dermatologica Sinica” A personalized treatment combining traditional and new therapies may improve hair loss outcomes in alopecia areata.
March 2016 in “Indian Journal Of Applied Research” Surgery may be needed for resistant thyrotoxicosis.
January 2026 in “Pediatrics International” Live vaccines can be safely given to infants with a FOXN1 variant if their immune function improves over time.
60 citations
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September 2013 in “Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics” Immunosuppressive and anti-TNF therapies in IBD patients can increase the risk of skin cancer and cause various skin issues.
3 citations
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January 2000 Some alternative therapies for vitiligo show promise but need more research.
22 citations
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January 2012 in “Mediators of inflammation” Nonantibiotic macrolides show promise for treating various inflammatory skin conditions.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Immunotherapy for cancer caused a patient to develop a condition affecting hormone production, requiring ongoing hormone replacement therapy.