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GlossaryTranscription Factors

proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA

Transcription Factors (TFs) are proteins that help turn specific genes on or off by binding to nearby DNA. They play a crucial role in regulating gene expression, ensuring that genes are activated at the right time and in the right cells, which is essential for processes like development, cell growth, and response to environmental signals.

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research SlPHL1, a MYB‐CC transcription factor identified from tomato, positively regulates the phosphate starvation response

11 citations , July 2021 in “Physiologia Plantarum”

SIPHL1 from tomato enhances plants' response to low phosphate levels.

Integrated Single-Cell Chromatin and Transcriptomic Analyses of Human Scalp Reveal Etiological Insights Into Genetic Risk for Hair and Skin Disease

research Integrated single-cell chromatin and transcriptomic analyses of human scalp reveal etiological insights into genetic risk for hair and skin disease

September 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

The research provided new insights into the genetic factors contributing to hair loss and skin conditions by analyzing individual cells from the human scalp.

research Allosteric interactions prime androgen receptor dimerization and activation

1 citations , February 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Certain interactions help prepare the androgen receptor for pairing and activation, which is important for its role in development and disease.

research Case Series: Gene Expression Analysis in Canine Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada/Uveodermatologic Syndrome and Vitiligo Reveals Conserved Immunopathogenesis Pathways Between Dog and Human Autoimmune Pigmentary Disorders

20 citations , December 2020 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

The immune processes causing VKH and vitiligo are similar in dogs and humans.

research Langerin+ Dendritic Cells in Cutaneous Fibrosis: The TGF-β1 Signaling Axis

October 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

Targeting specific cell interactions may help treat skin fibrosis.

research The function of TRPS1 in the development and differentiation of bone, kidney, and hair follicles.

52 citations , July 2011 in “PubMed”

TRPS1 is crucial for bone, kidney, and hair follicle development.

research Role of Csdc2 in Regulating Secondary Hair Follicle Growth in Cashmere Goats

2 citations , July 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Csdc2 helps hair growth in cashmere goats by regulating specific genes.

research HOXC13 Is Involved in the Regulation of Human Hair Keratin Gene Expression

132 citations , February 2002 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

HOXC13 is crucial for regulating hair keratin genes in hair follicles.

research In Silico Promoter Motif Analysis of Human Fertility-Related Genes

February 2026 in “Applied Biosciences”

The study found potential new DNA patterns in fertility genes, but further testing is needed.

research Arabidopsis ZINC FINGER PROTEIN1 Acts Downstream of GL2 to Repress Root Hair Initiation and Elongation by Directly Suppressing bHLH Genes

101 citations , November 2019 in “The Plant Cell”

AtZP1 protein stops root hair growth in plants by blocking certain genes.

research Pmg-1 and Pmg-2 constitute a novel family of KAP genes differentially expressed during skin and mammary gland development

22 citations , August 1999 in “Mechanisms of Development”

Pmg-1 and Pmg-2 are new genes important for skin and mammary gland development.

research AP-2α/AP-2β transcription factors are key regulators of epidermal homeostasis

December 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

AP-2α and AP-2β proteins are essential for healthy adult skin and hair.

All Roads Lead to the Nucleus: Integration of Signaling, Transcription Factor-Mediated, and Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms in the Control of Skin Development and Regeneration

research All Roads Go to the Nucleus: Integration of Signaling/Transcription Factor-Mediated and Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms in the Control of Skin Development and Regeneration

January 2018 in “Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine”

The nucleus is key in controlling skin growth and repair by coordinating signals, gene regulators, and epigenetic changes.

research The Rho GTPase exchange factor Vav2 promotes extensive age-dependent rewiring of the hair follicle stem cell transcriptome

September 2023 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology”

Vav2 changes how hair follicle stem cells' genes work as they age, which might improve regeneration but also raise cancer risk.

research WRKY transcription factors (TFs): Molecular switches to regulate drought, temperature, and salinity stresses in plants

179 citations , November 2022 in “Frontiers in Plant Science”

WRKY transcription factors help plants manage stress and support growth.

research Runx1 transcription factor is involved in the regulation of KAP5 gene expression in human hair follicles

6 citations , January 2006 in “Journal of dermatological science”

Runx1 helps control the KAP5 gene in human hair follicles.

research Dynamic expression of the zinc-finger transcription factor Trps1 during hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling

46 citations , November 2007 in “Gene Expression Patterns”

Trps1 plays a key role in hair follicle development and cycling.

research Mutations in SREBF1, Encoding Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Transcription Factor 1, Cause Autosomal-Dominant IFAP Syndrome

34 citations , July 2020 in “American journal of human genetics”

Changes in the SREBF1 gene cause a rare genetic skin and hair disorder.

research The transcription elongation factors Spt4 and Spt6 promote dermal adipocyte differentiation

March 2026 in “Adipocyte”

Spt4 and Spt6 are essential for fat cell development.

17β-Estradiol Enhances Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production and Dihydrotestosterone Antagonizes the Enhancement via the Regulation of Adenylate Cyclase in Differentiated THP-1 Cells

research 17β-Estradiol Enhances Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production and Dihydrotestosterone Antagonizes the Enhancement via the Regulation of Adenylate Cyclase in Differentiated THP-1 Cells

18 citations , March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.

Probing Androgen Receptor Co-Factor Selectivity Profiles: A Chemical Tool to Determine Cross-Talk Between Androgen Receptor and Beta-Catenin In Vivo

research Probing androgen receptor co-factor selectivity profiles: a chemical tool to determine cross-talk between androgen receptor and β-catenin in vivo

1 citations , January 2013 in “MedChemComm”

PF-05314882 selectively activates androgen receptors without much effect on prostate and may help in prostate cancer treatment and hair loss prevention.

research AP-2α/AP-2β transcription factors are key regulators of epidermal homeostasis

January 2024 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

AP-2α and AP-2β are crucial for healthy skin and hair.

research Prediction of cell states and key transcription factors of the human cornea through integrated single-cell omics analyses

July 2025 in “PNAS Nexus”

A new tool accurately identifies human cornea cell states and key factors.

research The complex relationship between TFEB transcription factor phosphorylation and subcellular localization

344 citations , May 2018 in “EMBO journal”

Phosphorylation controls TFEB's location in the cell, affecting cell metabolism and stress response.

research 164 Epigenetic and transcriptional profiling of PBMCs in mild and severe alopecia areata using single-cell RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq

November 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The study identified key immune cell differences between mild and severe alopecia areata.

research Function of KLF4 in Stem Cell Biology

5 citations , August 2013 in “InTech eBooks”

KLF4 is important for maintaining stem cells and has potential in cancer treatment and wound healing.

research Human Fetal Scalp Dermal Papilla Enriched Genes and the Role of R-Spondin-1 in the Restoration of Hair Neogenesis in Adult Mouse Cells

8 citations , November 2020 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

Certain genes are more active in baby scalp cells and can help grow hair when added to adult mouse skin cells.

research The Harmonies Played by TGF-β in Stem Cell Biology

156 citations , December 2012 in “Cell Stem Cell”

TGF-β is crucial for controlling stem cell behavior and changes in its signaling can lead to diseases like cancer.

research The promoter of an androgen dependent gene in the hamster flank organ

6 citations , May 1997 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Researchers found a gene in hamsters that responds to male hormones and may be indirectly controlled by them.

research Decision letter: ETS family transcriptional regulators drive chromatin dynamics and malignancy in squamous cell carcinomas

October 2015

ETS2 drives cancer progression in squamous cell carcinoma and is linked to poor patient outcomes.