December 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences” Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women can cause skin and hair issues, but local estrogen therapies help improve vaginal health.
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
4 citations
,
August 2018 in “American journal of otolaryngology” Transgender women on estrogen therapy can develop melasma and need proper skin care.
March 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy can improve sexual health and quality of life for women 70 and older.
23 citations
,
September 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” Activating ER-β, not ER-α, improves skin cell growth and wound healing.
58 citations
,
February 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Estrogen helps keep skin healthy and may make women look younger and more attractive.
November 2023 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Hormone replacement therapy may improve hair growth in the frontal hairline of postmenopausal women with hair loss.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
74 citations
,
December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide plus estrogen is more effective than oral contraceptives for reducing hirsutism.
12 citations
,
June 2022 in “FARMACIA” Transethosomal gels improve naftifine skin delivery better than Exoderil cream.
2 citations
,
January 2019 Hormonal contraceptives and therapies regulate organ functions and treat various conditions.
10 citations
,
January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapy in transgender patients can lead to skin changes like altered sebum production, hair growth, and acne, which may require dermatological care.
10 citations
,
April 2016 in “Research and reports in transdermal drug delivery” Transfollicular drug delivery is promising but needs more research to improve and understand it better.
11 citations
,
May 2022 in “World Journal of Biological Chemistry” Progesterone may help trans women with breast development and health, but more research is needed.
March 2025 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Dermatologists should guide transgender patients on effective hair growth and loss treatments during hormone therapy.
12 citations
,
October 2018 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Hormone therapy in transgender women can affect hair growth and acne, and there are specific skin issues related to gender-affirming surgery, but more research is needed on their dermatological health.
February 1976 in “PubMed” Sex hormone therapy is effective for certain skin conditions like acne and seborrhea, but less so for female hair loss and excessive hair growth.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 5% ET-02 is a more effective and safe treatment for hair loss than current options.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estetrol may help prevent hair loss and promote hair growth in women.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology”
3 citations
,
March 2019 in “Post Reproductive Health” Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
27 citations
,
March 2006 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” HRT helps improve skin issues caused by menopause.
64 citations
,
January 1985 in “Clinical endocrinology” A combination of desogestrel and ethinyl oestradiol effectively reduces hair growth in hirsute women.
11 citations
,
October 1986 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” The contraceptive reduced hair growth and altered hormone levels in hirsute women.
1 citations
,
January 1988 Topical DHEA safely increases skin oil production.
14 citations
,
July 2007 in “Therapy” Ethosomes can effectively deliver drugs deep into the skin, improving treatment for various skin conditions.
January 2014 in “Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)” May 2013 in “UTUPub (University of Turku)” Including androgens in hormone therapy may lower breast cancer risk.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Higher doses of oestradiol implants improve bone density in postmenopausal women.