72 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
31 citations
,
January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
13 citations
,
August 2013 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” Researchers created a skin patch that delivers two drugs for treating enlarged prostate, which may improve patient use and dosage control.
38 citations
,
February 2005 in “The journal of sexual medicine” The testosterone patch and gel are both effective, but they have different absorption patterns and effects on hormone levels.
417 citations
,
February 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy increases bone density in older men with low testosterone levels.
26 citations
,
December 2020 in “Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine” Testosterone and DHEA can benefit women's health but must be prescribed carefully due to potential risks.
110 citations
,
April 2002 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Dihydrotestosterone gel improved well-being and sexual function in older men without negatively affecting prostate health.
49 citations
,
February 2009 in “Maturitas” Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.
26 citations
,
August 2014 in “PubMed” Testosterone improves mood and thinking skills; finasteride has no effect.
23 citations
,
August 2005 in “Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy” New treatments for low male hormones improved sexual function and mood but had unclear risks, especially for older men.
9 citations
,
June 2002 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” Testosterone therapy can help women with androgen deficiency by improving energy, sex drive, and bone health with few side effects.
1 citations
,
September 2012 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgen replacement therapy can improve libido and mood in women with severe androgen deficiency, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
11 citations
,
March 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Nandrolone might increase muscle mass with fewer side effects than testosterone but could cause erectile dysfunction and needs more research.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women appears safe and may protect against heart disease, but requires constant monitoring and more research for long-term effects.
May 2023 in “Journal of drugs in dermatology” Most transgender patients getting laser hair removal before gender-affirming surgery are already on hormone therapy, which might affect the hair removal process.
151 citations
,
November 2018 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.
1 citations
,
January 2023 in “Journal of pharmaceutical and biological sciences” Ethosomes are a promising way to deliver drugs through the skin.
282 citations
,
October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
51 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
20 citations
,
January 2003 in “Treatments in Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy can help improve mood, sexual function, and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed to establish safe and effective guidelines.
8 citations
,
February 2009 in “Current Women's Health Reviews” Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
6 citations
,
November 2010 in “International Journal of Andrology” New oral testosterone formulations show potential for safer, effective hormone replacement in men with low testosterone.
146 citations
,
December 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.
39 citations
,
January 2019 in “The World Journal of Men's Health” Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.
December 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Short-acting testosterone injections in a clinic are a preferred treatment for low testosterone because they work well, are convenient, and patients stick with the treatment.
151 citations
,
July 2011 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Liposomal systems show promise for delivering drugs through the skin but face challenges like high costs and stability issues.
251 citations
,
October 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.
92 citations
,
November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.