30 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Young women with high male hormone levels or PCOS often feel more psychological distress and have a lower quality of life.
26 citations
,
November 2011 in “Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metabologia” Diagnosing PCOS in teenagers should focus on signs of excess male hormones and not rely solely on ovarian ultrasound or irregular periods, and should be reassessed in adulthood.
75 citations
,
June 1999 in “Pediatric Clinics of North America” The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.
2 citations
,
November 2018 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Significant facial gender transformation requires surgery, not nonsurgical methods.
September 2006 in “Pediatrics in Review” Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for complex medical conditions.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
192 citations
,
January 1976 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgen levels increase with puberty and are linked to sexual hair development.
26 citations
,
March 1981 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Oestrogen does not affect adrenal androgen levels in children and adolescents.
January 2023 in “JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Pediatric androgenetic alopecia is under-recognized, but treatments like minoxidil and finasteride may help.
August 2025 in “American Journal of Case Reports” Accurate diagnosis and early specialist referral are crucial for managing 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development.
June 2014 in “Pediatrics in review” Contraceptive agents help with menstrual issues, acne, and other health conditions in teens.
20 citations
,
March 1975 in “Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism”
34 citations
,
November 2017 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” A transwoman developed a brain tumor after nine years of hormone therapy, suggesting a possible link between the treatment and tumor development.
42 citations
,
August 2022 in “Diagnostics” Diagnose PCOS in teens using irregular periods and high androgen levels, not ultrasound.
16 citations
,
October 2024 in “Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health” Alopecia areata negatively affects the self-esteem and quality of life of children and teens.
3 citations
,
May 2019 in “Ginekologia Polska” Adolescents with abnormal uterine bleeding often have polycystic ovarian syndrome and insulin resistance.
2 citations
,
April 2022 in “Annales d Endocrinologie” Recombinant gonadotropins improve future fertility in CHH patients.
19 citations
,
March 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Testosterone and letrozole treatment speeds up puberty in boys with delayed development.
3 citations
,
August 2025 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Adolescents with alopecia areata face more bullying and emotional challenges, needing support to improve their quality of life.
November 2025 in “Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern” Androgen levels are more linked to body size in boys than girls.
February 2010 in “ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)” Male sexual differentiation is regulated independently, while female differentiation occurs in an androgenic environment, affecting conditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
8 citations
,
November 2019 in “Dermatologic Clinics” AGA treatments like minoxidil and LLLLT are safe and effective for gender minority patients.
28 citations
,
March 2000 in “Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America” Hirsutism in teen girls is common, usually harmless, but can sometimes signal serious issues and is treatable.
45 citations
,
April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.
September 2024 in “Medicine theory and practice” A young girl's hyperandrogenism was caused by an adrenocortical adenoma, diagnosed and treated through detailed evaluations.
September 2020 in “Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing” A 10-year-old boy with abnormal genital development had surgery and tests to find the cause and plan treatment.
1 citations
,
August 2019 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology” A new genetic change causing early stop in the androgen receptor gene was found in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome.
3 citations
,
December 1997 in “Pediatric Clinics of North America” Pediatricians should advise sexually active teens on safe sex and STD prevention, and discuss contraceptive options and their side effects.
17 citations
,
January 2013 in “Case Reports in Medicine” Steroid cell tumors in the ovary are rare, can cause hormone-related symptoms, and require surgery.
24 citations
,
January 2011 in “Sexual Development” Intersex frogs have different brain gene activity related to sex and thyroid hormones.