May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
11 citations
,
January 2019 in “Sexual Medicine” Younger transgender women have surgery earlier, are mostly attracted to men, and show more preoperative depression that improves after surgery compared to older transgender women.
April 2024 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” Topical minoxidil helps transgender individuals assigned female at birth grow more facial hair.
1 citations
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November 2023 in “American journal of clinical pathology” Transgender men on testosterone therapy need ongoing gynecologic care due to potential cancer risks.
32 citations
,
September 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.
17 citations
,
February 2018 in “British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery” Forehead reduction and orbital contouring are important for satisfactory facial feminization in transgender females, with high satisfaction and low long-term problems.
26 citations
,
December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology”
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
32 citations
,
July 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride effectively treats hair loss in transgender men with few side effects.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Annals of Translational Medicine” Facial contouring is crucial for the satisfaction and well-being of Chinese transgender females.
10 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal for Nurse Practitioners” Healthcare providers need better education and resources to give competent and sensitive care to transgender patients.
Bilateral Orchiectomy effectively reduces the need for anti-androgen medication in most transgender females.
131 citations
,
September 2010 in “The Laryngoscope” Forehead modification greatly increases the perception of femininity and is a safe procedure.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy in transgender individuals can increase acne and affect hair growth and loss.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
157 citations
,
May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
A hair transplant using hair from the back of the head and pubic area was successful in creating a feminine hairline for a male-to-female transgender person.
23 citations
,
January 2016 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy with estradiol and spironolactone can regrow scalp hair in transgender women by lowering testosterone to female levels.
4 citations
,
November 2017 in “Hair transplant forum international” Hair transplants are effective for some women and many male-to-female transgender patients if done carefully by an experienced team.
24 citations
,
March 2018 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Testosterone treatment in transgender teens can worsen acne, requiring careful treatment due to mental health and medication side effects.
83 citations
,
August 2018 in “BJOG” Uterine transplants for transgender women are feasible but need more research.
November 2023 in “Journal of the American Society of Nephrology” Transgender individuals can maintain stable kidney function post-transplant with gender-affirming care, but need careful management of hormone therapy risks and regular health screenings.
October 2022 in “Hair Transplantation” Transgender patients use hair restoration surgery to match their hairline with their gender identity.
5 citations
,
January 2023 in “Fertility and sterility” Doctors are preparing to potentially perform uterus transplants in transgender women, considering technical, hormonal, and ethical factors.
26 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Dermatologists are important in helping transgender people with skin issues and physical changes during their transition.
1 citations
,
October 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Antiandrogens can treat female hormonal conditions, but environmental ones may harm reproductive health.
9 citations
,
July 2024 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves mental health and gender incongruence but requires careful management of cardiovascular and cancer risks.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
March 2017 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” This special edition focuses on the unique aspects of treating skin conditions in women, including during pregnancy and in diverse populations like women of color and transgender patients.