1 citations
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October 2021 in “LGBT health” The review discusses how facial masculinization surgeries are done and their costs.
6 citations
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April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
45 citations
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March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone may effectively suppress testosterone in some transfeminine individuals.
January 2018 in “Georg Thieme Verlag eBooks” Gender affirmation surgery improves personal appearance and self-esteem.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
176 citations
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August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
September 2025 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” Gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery affect gut bacteria differently.
1 citations
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April 2022 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery” Hormone therapy greatly improves the quality of life for adults seeking gender reaffirmation, but more research is needed in India.
98 citations
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July 1983 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Individuals with this condition often develop male traits and identities at puberty despite being raised as females.
8 citations
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March 2008 in “Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift/Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Adding estrogen increased bone mass in a transsexual man undergoing hormone therapy.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
January 2010 in “Springer eBooks”
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.
29 citations
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May 2013 in “Andrologia” Cross-sex hormone treatment in transsexual individuals helps understand how sex hormones affect diseases like heart disease and diabetes.
1 citations
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October 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” 5α-reductase deficiency can cause ambiguous genitalia and gender dysphoria, treatable with testosterone.
2170 citations
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September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for safe and effective hormone treatment in gender-dysphoric individuals, with specific guidelines for adolescents and adults.
The case showed the need for quick investigation of virilization in women and how emotional health is linked to physical health.
105 citations
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June 2010 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.
1 citations
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March 2005 in “Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie” A postmenopausal woman had high testosterone from her right adrenal gland, leading to recommended surgery.
1 citations
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May 2018 in “Clinical chemistry” The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
June 2022 in “European Psychiatry” Eating disorders in gender dysphoria patients may be a coping mechanism for body image issues.
21 citations
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December 1977 in “Journal of pediatric surgery” Individuals with male pseudohermaphroditism often do better raised as females with early surgery.
July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
4 citations
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January 2002 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Long-pulsed ruby laser effectively reduces hair in male-to-female transsexuals.
38 citations
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May 1971 in “Clinical genetics” A specific metabolite, not a receptor protein, triggers the production of certain kidney enzymes, but this process is disrupted in mice with a mutation causing testicular feminization.
1 citations
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November 1995 in “Postgraduate medical journal” A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.
20 citations
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January 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” A woman developed male traits from accidental contact with her husband's testosterone gel.