October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Goserelin injections can effectively manage hyperandrogenism symptoms in postmenopausal women who can't have surgery.
1 citations
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August 2015 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” A new gene mutation causes complete androgen insensitivity in a 16-year-old with a female appearance.
4 citations
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June 2005 in “Andrology” A woman's diabetes improved after removing ovarian tumors that caused high testosterone levels.
9 citations
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November 2013 in “Presse Medicale” The document concludes that managing female hyperandrogenism requires a combination of identifying the cause, lifestyle changes, medication, and cosmetic treatments.
45 citations
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April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.
51 citations
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August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
July 2024 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” In post-menopausal women, signs of increased male hormones should be checked for possible ovarian cancer.
January 2011 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” Hyperthyroidism can hide signs of high androgen levels in females.
1 citations
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October 2012 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for managing androgenization in women effectively.
June 2026 in “Romanian Journal of Medical Practice” Surgery resolved hormone imbalance and symptoms in a rare ovarian tumor case in an elderly woman.
Hirsutism is excessive male-pattern hair growth in women, often treated cosmetically or with hormone therapy if contraception is also desired.
Men who strongly follow traditional masculinity are more likely to have cosmetic surgery to feel powerful and successful.
February 2021 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports” A postmenopausal woman's excessive hair growth and hair loss were due to a non-cancerous ovarian condition, treated successfully with surgery.
3 citations
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November 2019 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” A 20-year-old woman with a rare form of Turner syndrome showed improvement with hormonal therapy and needs comprehensive care.
January 2020 in “Research Portal Denmark” A short male anogenital distance may indicate incomplete masculinization due to disrupted androgen action.
4 citations
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March 2021 in “Case Reports” A woman's excessive hair growth and masculine features were due to a rare benign ovarian tumor and endometrial cancer, which improved after surgery.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe male-like symptoms were caused by a rare, benign tumor in her ovary that produced male hormones.
2 citations
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October 2022 in “Frontiers in genetics” Late diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can greatly affect physical development, gender identity, and sexual health.
2 citations
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March 2025 in “Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science” Testosterone is important for women's health, but more research is needed to guide its use.
Medicalization has shaped how society views health and gender roles over the past 200 years.
83 citations
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December 2004 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” 1 citations
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January 2002 in “ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University)” Advertisements shape and reinforce idealized masculinity and gender norms.
4 citations
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May 2007 in “Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America” Understanding gender differences and individual patient characteristics is essential for optimal cosmetic surgery outcomes.
June 1997 in “The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery” 70% of women with androgenetic alopecia can have successful hair transplants.
October 2020 in “M/C Journal” Society's view of "freaks" has shifted from natural deformities to extreme plastic surgery, reflecting changing beauty standards and pressures.
April 2022 in “Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu” The conclusion is that sex-verification in sports was harmful and changes have been made to address this.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Surgery improved symptoms and normalized hormone levels in a woman with an adrenal tumor.
9 citations
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January 2007 in “Endocrine Practice” A woman's male-like symptoms and high testosterone were due to ovarian hilus-cell hyperplasia, which improved after surgery.
54 citations
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November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
January 2024 in “Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)” Medicalizing male and female bodies can have negative impacts.