115 citations
,
December 2001 in “Endocrinology” Expressing the human vitamin D receptor in skin cells prevents hair loss in certain mice.
85 citations
,
March 2008 in “Journal of Cell Science” The mutation causing Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome leads to severe skin problems and early death in mice.
81 citations
,
November 2012 in “Journal of the National Cancer Institute” The tumor suppressor gene FLCN affects mitochondrial function and energy use in cells.
72 citations
,
July 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Desmoglein 1 can partly make up for the loss of Desmoglein 3 in hair adhesion but not in mucous membranes.
34 citations
,
May 2001 in “Endocrinology” Mrp3 helps in wound healing and hair growth.
31 citations
,
September 1999 in “Molecular Carcinogenesis” Increased ornithine decarboxylase makes normally tumor-resistant mice more sensitive to tumors.
22 citations
,
April 2004 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” Acute stress increases Y1 receptor gene expression in certain brain areas, but repeated stress does not.
15 citations
,
November 2007 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” Stopping alcohol after long-term use causes anxiety and changes brain chemicals.
6 citations
,
August 2007 in “Journal of Surgical Research” Mice genetically modified to produce more Del1 protein had faster hair regrowth.
1 citations
,
August 2020 in “CRC Press eBooks” Hair growth can be influenced by manipulating keratin and growth factor genes.
A new microneedle patch effectively treats hair loss by delivering growth factors to the skin.
December 2011 in “University of Southern California Digital Library” High BMP signaling disrupts hair growth and balance in skin cells.
September 1999 in “Molecular Carcinogenesis” Increased ODC expression makes normally tumor-resistant mice more prone to tumor development.
Suppressing ODC activity reduces tumor growth in hair follicles.
204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
January 2014 in “Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)” 3 citations
,
March 2022 in “Transgender Health” More research is needed to improve lower body gender affirmation techniques.
88 citations
,
September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.
45 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
January 2012 in “S. Karger AG eBooks” The document concludes that transsexual individuals often experience improved quality of life after transitioning, despite higher risks of psychiatric issues and mortality.
10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.
855 citations
,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
January 2010 in “Springer eBooks” 48 citations
,
January 2005 in “Treatments in Endocrinology” May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
8 citations
,
March 2008 in “Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift/Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Adding estrogen increased bone mass in a transsexual man undergoing hormone therapy.
9 citations
,
May 2024 in “Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology” Gender affirming hormone therapy improves outcomes in gender affirmation surgery.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Care for gender-dysphoric Veterans can be improved with a consistent, team-based approach.