210 citations
,
November 2015 in “The Lancet HIV” PrEP for HIV is less effective in transgender women mainly due to low adherence to the treatment.
24 citations
,
December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Transgender women can develop feminine traits and improve their quality of life through hormone therapy and surgery, but results vary and access to surgery can be limited.
16 citations
,
January 2019 in “LGBT health” Transgender women can still get testicular cancer, so proper screening is important.
5 citations
,
January 2023 in “Fertility and sterility” Doctors are preparing to potentially perform uterus transplants in transgender women, considering technical, hormonal, and ethical factors.
4 citations
,
August 2018 in “American journal of otolaryngology” Transgender women on estrogen therapy can develop melasma and need proper skin care.
1 citations
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August 2019 in “Evidence-Based Practice” Spironolactone and finasteride are equally effective for hirsutism in transgender women.
37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
23 citations
,
January 2016 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy with estradiol and spironolactone can regrow scalp hair in transgender women by lowering testosterone to female levels.
83 citations
,
August 2018 in “BJOG” Uterine transplants for transgender women are feasible but need more research.
68 citations
,
February 2019 in “Urology” Hormonal treatment in transgender women reduces semen quality, but stopping treatment may improve it.
February 2026 in “Cureus” Ciclosporin can cause excessive hair growth even with testosterone blockers.
June 2023 in “The journal of sexual medicine” The treatment helped a transgender woman stop drinking, improved her mental health, and reduced her gender dysphoria.
4 citations
,
November 2017 in “Hair transplant forum international” Hair transplants are effective for some women and many male-to-female transgender patients if done carefully by an experienced team.
31 citations
,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
The best treatment varies per individual, but options include minoxidil, finasteride, PRP, and LLLT.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” The best treatment varies based on individual needs and available research.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The patient was satisfied with hormone therapy, and her epilepsy remained stable.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
February 2026 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” Transgender women have similar fitness to cisgender women, while transgender men have higher fat and lower strength than cisgender men; hormone therapy affects body composition and strength.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” The document concludes that more inclusive research involving the transgender community is needed, especially on the neovaginal microbiome of trans women.
July 2024 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” Inclusive and culturally competent healthcare is crucial for transgender and non-binary individuals.
10 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Testosterone increases hair growth and acne in transgender men.
59 citations
,
February 2021 in “BMJ” High doses of cyproterone acetate increase the risk of brain tumors in women, but the risk decreases after stopping the medication.
157 citations
,
May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
July 2025 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The guideline emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach and informed consent for gender-affirming hormone treatment, with regular follow-ups and individualized care.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
11 citations
,
January 2019 in “Sexual Medicine” Younger transgender women have surgery earlier, are mostly attracted to men, and show more preoperative depression that improves after surgery compared to older transgender women.
7 citations
,
January 2019 in “Headache” Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.
February 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Transgender patients on masculinizing hormones have higher hair loss rates than cisgender women.
15 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hormone therapy increases the risk of heart-related issues in transgender women and may affect heart health in transgender men.