November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Diagnosing osteoporosis in transgender people is challenging due to unclear guidelines and hormone treatment effects.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Transgender individuals face unique skin issues, often due to hormone therapy, requiring specialized and stigma-free dermatologic care.
1 citations
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April 2022 in “Emergency Medicine Australasia” The document concludes that respectful, gender-affirming healthcare improves mental health and encourages continued medical care for transgender and non-binary individuals.
17 citations
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September 2023 in “Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health” Gender-affirming care greatly improves mental health for transgender and non-binary individuals.
September 2022 in “Medical Herald of the South of Russia” Creating evidence-based guidelines for gender incongruence is difficult due to the personalized nature of transgender medicine.
3 citations
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February 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Feminizing hormone therapy increases hair counts and improves hair-related quality of life, while masculinizing therapy may reduce large terminal hairs.
9 citations
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July 2024 in “Anaesthesia” Ensure respectful and inclusive care for transgender and gender-diverse patients during surgery.
34 citations
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April 2023 in “Climacteric” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects health risks and requires careful management, especially as transgender individuals age.
36 citations
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May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
September 2024 in “Pediatrics in Review” Parental support and gender-affirming care are crucial for the mental health of transgender adolescents.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Transgender patients on hormone therapy experience more acne and hair loss, but less skin inflammation.
Bilateral Orchiectomy effectively reduces the need for anti-androgen medication in most transgender females.
31 citations
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September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
June 2023 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” Hair transplantation is important for transgender patients to enhance their masculine or feminine appearance.
1 citations
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January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hormone therapy is safe and effective for transgender adults, but requires regular monitoring and mental health support.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
855 citations
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June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
The document recommends a multidisciplinary approach and experience sharing to advance facial feminization surgery as a medical field.
February 2024 in “Hormones” Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.
71 citations
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August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
11 citations
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May 2022 in “World Journal of Biological Chemistry” Progesterone may help trans women with breast development and health, but more research is needed.
23 citations
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January 2016 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy with estradiol and spironolactone can regrow scalp hair in transgender women by lowering testosterone to female levels.
July 2024 in “Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal” Hormonal therapy for transgender individuals carries health risks but is a personal choice.
21 citations
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April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Transgender patients need proper skin care, especially when undergoing hormone treatments, to manage issues like acne and hair loss.
January 2026 in “Updates in clinical dermatology”
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
50 citations
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May 2020 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Non-binary transgender individuals need personalized hormonal treatments for better well-being and quality of life.
January 2014 in “Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)” 9 citations
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July 2024 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves mental health and gender incongruence but requires careful management of cardiovascular and cancer risks.
The case showed the need for quick investigation of virilization in women and how emotional health is linked to physical health.