July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
1 citations
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October 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” 5α-reductase deficiency can cause ambiguous genitalia and gender dysphoria, treatable with testosterone.
75 citations
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August 2006 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” The eucalyptus oil system improved skin delivery of hormones, but safety concerns remain.
21 citations
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March 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The review highlights the need for more research on transgender dermatology, the role of dermatologists in gender affirmation, and the effects of hormone therapy on skin and hair.
30 citations
,
December 2019 in “PLoS ONE” The new delivery system improved raloxifene's skin absorption and effectiveness against cancer cells.
5 citations
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April 2015 in “HSOA journal of clinical dermatology & therapy” Triamcinolone acetonide mesotherapy may be effective for treating patchy hair loss in alopecia areata.
January 2015 in “SciDok (Saarland University and State Library)” Clobetasol nanocarriers can be effectively delivered to hair follicles, with uptake improved by massage and affected by particle type.
May 2014 in “Japanese Society of Anti-Aging Medicine” June 2025 in “CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians” Transgender men need personalized cancer care and continued testosterone therapy for well-being.
The new testosterone detection kit is accurate, cost-effective, and useful for diagnosing diseases.
23 citations
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July 2021 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” New dissolving and implantable microneedle patches have been created for a long-lasting, non-invasive delivery of the drug finasteride.
2 citations
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October 2015 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” The woman's surgery lowered her testosterone and improved scalp hair loss but did not change her excessive body hair.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, which could be a new target for treating hair loss and other skin conditions driven by testosterone.
166 citations
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October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
51 citations
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July 2013 in “Brain Research” Testosterone needs to be converted to DHT to reduce stress response in male rats.
4 citations
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July 1983 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Certain hormones can reduce skin oil and hair growth, potentially helping treat acne and excessive hair in women.
14 citations
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August 2011 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Imiquimod 5% cream may not work for treating scrotal extramammary Paget disease.
October 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” A small BOTOX dose improved sperm production and movement in older mice.
5 citations
,
January 1987 in “Gynecologic and obstetric investigation” Cyproterone acetate implants were more effective at reducing facial hair and improving skin in severe hirsutism than oral treatment.
2 citations
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March 2012 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” The body's change of testosterone into DHT is not necessary for testosterone's muscle and sexual effects.
62 citations
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May 1997 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Sebaceous glands in the skin play a key role in absorbing the antiandrogen drug RU 58841, especially when it's encapsulated in liposomes.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for insulin secretion in males.
35 citations
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November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
January 2025 in “Journal of Controlled Release” A new microneedle patch helps treat hair loss by improving drug delivery to hair follicles.
December 2019 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” Strong steroid cream works better than tretinoin cream for patchy scalp hair loss.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Transgender patients on hormone therapy experience more acne and hair loss, but less skin inflammation.
May 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The treatment increased hair follicle counts and is potentially effective for male hair loss without serious side effects.
September 2025 in “Cureus” Equilibrium dialysis can accurately measure testosterone levels when lab results are inconsistent.
13 citations
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June 2020 in “Scientific reports” Melatonin stimulates the skin components of ram's scrotum during their non-breeding season.
Bicalutamide does not significantly affect liver enzymes and is a safe anti-androgen option for transfeminine individuals.