62 citations
,
August 2014 in “BMC Endocrine Disorders” New findings explain how genetic changes, body clocks, and certain molecules affect tissue response to stress hormones.
48 citations
,
January 2011 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics” The conclusion is that genetic changes in the glucocorticoid receptor can lead to conditions affecting stress response, immunity, and metabolism, requiring personalized treatment.
47 citations
,
February 2015 in “European Journal of Clinical Investigation” The review suggests thorough evaluation and genetic testing for proper diagnosis and treatment of Chrousos syndrome.
31 citations
,
July 2004 in “Molecular Medicine” Certain defective glucocorticoid receptor mutants move faster inside cell nuclei and work less effectively.
28 citations
,
October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.
1 citations
,
January 2008 in “touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology” Generalized glucocorticoid resistance causes hormone imbalances and varied symptoms due to gene mutations.
December 2016 in “Springer eBooks” Chrousos Syndrome is caused by mutations that make the body less sensitive to glucocorticoids, leading to various symptoms and requiring high-dose treatment.
1 citations
,
February 2023 in “Journal of Athletic Training” Athletic trainers should understand and support the medical needs of transgender and gender-diverse patients.
October 2025 in “Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales” Alopecia in transgender individuals on hormone therapy can worsen emotional distress and affect self-esteem.
10 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Testosterone increases hair growth and acne in transgender men.
8 citations
,
April 2022 in “Trends in cancer” Hormone therapy affects cancer risks in transgender individuals differently than in cisgender people, and more research is needed to understand these risks and improve cancer screening guidelines.
17 citations
,
September 2023 in “Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health” Gender-affirming care greatly improves mental health for transgender and non-binary individuals.
1 citations
,
January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hormone therapy is safe and effective for transgender adults, but requires regular monitoring and mental health support.
10 citations
,
January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapy in transgender patients can lead to skin changes like altered sebum production, hair growth, and acne, which may require dermatological care.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
105 citations
,
June 2010 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.
21 citations
,
November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.
Bilateral Orchiectomy effectively reduces the need for anti-androgen medication in most transgender females.
37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
November 2023 in “Australasian journal of dermatology” Dermatologists are essential in helping transgender and gender diverse patients with skin and hair issues related to gender affirmation and hormone therapy.
October 2022 in “Hair Transplantation” Transgender patients use hair restoration surgery to match their hairline with their gender identity.
March 2026 in “Mendeley Data” January 2026 in “Mendeley Data” 4 citations
,
January 2018 in “Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina)” Create safe, inclusive choir spaces for transgender singers with supportive language and programming.
March 2026 in “Mendeley Data” 8 citations
,
March 2008 in “Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift/Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Adding estrogen increased bone mass in a transsexual man undergoing hormone therapy.
7 citations
,
January 2019 in “Headache” Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.
April 2026 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Personalized hair loss treatments are needed for transgender individuals, but more research is required.
66 citations
,
October 2013 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” The conclusion is that published guidelines are improving transgender medical care, but more research and education in transgender medicine are needed.
2295 citations
,
August 2012 in “The international journal of transgenderism/International journal of transgenderism” The guidelines recommend informed consent for gender-affirming treatments and stress the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive care for transgender individuals.