321 citations
,
January 2012 in “Cell stem cell” TGF-β2 helps activate hair follicle stem cells by counteracting BMP signals.
Some factors can either promote or inhibit hair growth.
4 citations
,
June 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Multi-peptide factors from fibroblasts may stimulate hair growth by increasing growth factors and β-catenin in hair cells.
7 citations
,
March 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Some thymic peptides can increase human hair growth, while others may inhibit it.
25 citations
,
August 2010 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Nuclear Factor I-C is important for controlling hair growth by affecting the TGF-β1 pathway.
52 citations
,
January 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Thrombospondin-1 is crucial for hair follicle regression and reduced blood vessel growth during the catagen phase.
August 2006 in “Experimental dermatology” Neurotrophins are important for hair growth and response to stress.
28 citations
,
July 2007 in “Development” TAF4 is important for skin cell growth and helps prevent skin cancer in mice.
23 citations
,
May 2023 in “Cell Proliferation” TGF-β and FGF pathways are crucial for skin development and regeneration.
6 citations
,
April 1996 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry” TGF-alpha is present in sheep and ferret skin and may affect hair growth without directly stimulating cell proliferation.
60 citations
,
December 1988 in “Journal of Biochemical Toxicology” TCDD reduces EGF receptors in the liver, affecting growth and development.
Neurotrophins may contribute to genetic hair thinning by inhibiting hair growth.
Nod factor can trigger changes in legume root hairs with just one molecule.
27 citations
,
August 2006 in “Laboratory Investigation” SCF and ET-1 together significantly increase skin pigmentation and melanin production.
5 citations
,
June 2022 in “Biophysical Journal” TGF-β and TNF influence hair follicle cell fate, with TNF being more effective in triggering cell death.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TEC kinases may help cause inflammation in vitiligo and could be targeted for treatment.
55 citations
,
June 2014 in “Nature Communications” Tcf3 helps cells move and heal wounds by controlling lipocalin 2.
February 2026 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” TGF-β3 controls stem cell growth and development, varying by cell type and conditions.
409 citations
,
May 1991 in “Genes & Development” TGF-alpha affects skin thickness, hair growth, and may contribute to psoriasis and papilloma formation.
56 citations
,
December 1990 in “Differentiation” Growth factors can either promote or inhibit hair follicle cell growth and collagen breakdown.
86 citations
,
May 2008 in “Cytokine & growth factor reviews” TNF family proteins are crucial for the development of skin features like hair, teeth, and mammary glands.
2 citations
,
January 2015 in “BioMed Research International” Growth factor treatments are increasingly used in medicine but require more research to fully understand their mechanisms.
March 2026 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica” LTBP1 is a key regulator in diseases and a potential target for new treatments.
43 citations
,
March 2009 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” TGF-β2 plays a key role in human hair growth and development.
82 citations
,
February 2017 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.
15 citations
,
August 1991 in “Histochemistry and Cell Biology” Enhancing Factor is found in growing tissues like young mouse intestines and skin but not in adults.
24 citations
,
March 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TIP39 and PTH2R help control calcium levels and skin cell development.
January 2013 in “edoc (University of Basel)” TRF1 is crucial for creating and maintaining stem cells and marks both pluripotent and adult stem cells.
TLR2 helps control hair growth and regeneration, and its reduction with age or obesity can impair hair growth.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Muscle around hair follicles controls hair loss by releasing a signal that causes cell death.