22 citations
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March 2003 in “Steroids” PM-9 and finasteride effectively inhibit the enzyme that converts testosterone to DHT.
July 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Trapa bispinosa Roxb. extract may help reduce prostate size and cell growth in BPH.
8 citations
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January 1991 in “European Urology” Finasteride lowers DHT levels and raises testosterone in a dose-dependent way.
22 citations
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May 2003 in “Planta Medica” Torilin from Torilis japonica can inhibit testosterone 5α-reductase but is less effective than finasteride.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone boosts physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low testosterone.
1 citations
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March 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Testosterone, progesterone, and levonorgestrel change enzyme levels related to fat production in hamster skin, which could affect skin oil and acne.
January 2006 in “Benzina: Revista d'excepcions culturals” Trienones are more effective at inhibiting the enzyme linked to hair loss than dienones.
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August 2010 in “Medicinal Chemistry Research” Some synthesized compounds were more effective than Finasteride in reducing prostate cancer cell growth and androgen levels.
64 citations
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June 1995 in “Steroids” Inhibitors of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase could potentially treat disorders like prostate cancer and baldness.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
3 citations
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April 1977 in “PubMed” The treatment improved acne, seborrhoea, and hirsutism, with some side effects like spotting and nervousness.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Fenugreek extract may help treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
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May 1996 in “Endocrinology” Certain adrenal hormones can strongly stimulate oil gland growth in hamster skin, similar to male hormones.
43 citations
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November 1975 in “Archives of Dermatology” Testosterone affects hair loss, acne, and excessive hair growth, and antiandrogens can help treat these conditions.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, which could be a new target for treating hair loss and other skin conditions driven by testosterone.
Antiandrogens and finasteride may help treat excess hair and hair loss in women.
55 citations
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March 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride may treat baldness but less effective for those with 5α-reductase deficiency.
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September 2021 in “Journal of molecular endocrinology” ERβ has potential in treating prostate cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, but human studies are needed before clinical use.
129 citations
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January 1977 in “Hormone and metabolic research” Cyproterone Acetate effectively treats androgen-related conditions and is used in prostate cancer therapy and hormone therapy for transgender women.
1 citations
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April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone levels in skin cells through reactive oxygen species, not enzymes, which could lead to new hair loss treatments.
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December 1994 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate with estradiol improved women's self-confidence and emotional well-being without a difference between oral or transdermal methods, but younger women preferred the oral method.
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September 1981 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate effectively treats virilized women, especially under 35, despite some side effects.
February 2023 in “riUfes (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo)” High testosterone affects blood vessel function, with estrogen playing a key role in maintaining heart health.
30 citations
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May 2015 in “Current Cardiology Reviews” Lower testosterone increases heart disease risk; higher estradiol increases risk in women.
46 citations
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December 1992 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Affected males are born with ambiguous genitalia, raised as females, but develop male traits at puberty due to enzyme deficiency.
5 citations
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April 2021 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Higher DHT levels are linked to fewer hypogonadism symptoms in men with normal testosterone levels.
2 citations
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May 2021 in “Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development” Clascoterone is safe for the heart, even at high doses.
6 citations
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September 2012 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging” Honokiol might help reduce male skin aging by maintaining testosterone levels.