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research The Double-Edged Sword of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor: Rash as Toxicity and Prognostic Marker

June 2026 in “Indian Journal of Postgraduate Dermatology”

A 50-year-old man undergoing treatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRI) lapatinib for stage 2 breast carcinoma developed a papulopustular rash, a common side effect of EGFRIs, affecting 50-100% of patients. This rash, part of the 'PRIDE' complex, includes various cutaneous adverse effects such as xerosis and eczema. The patient was treated with doxycycline and hydrocortisone cream, showing significant improvement within a week. Acneiform eruptions, which lack comedones, may serve as a potential marker for therapeutic response to EGFRI drugs, although evidence is inconsistent. The rash typically appears within 1-2 weeks of therapy, peaks at 3-4 weeks, and subsides gradually. Patients are advised on sun protection and gentle skincare to manage symptoms.

research Keratin 17 Expression in the Hard Epithelial Context of the Hair and Nail, and its Relevance for the Pachyonychia Congenita Phenotype

88 citations , June 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Keratin 17 is important for hair and nail structure and affects pachyonychia congenita symptoms.

research Development of Woolly Hair and Hairlessness in a CRISPR−Engineered Mutant Mouse Model with KRT71 Mutations

July 2023 in “Cells”

Researchers made a mouse model with curly hair and hair loss by editing a gene.

research A mutation in the type II hair keratin KRT86 gene in a Han family with monilethrix

3 citations , January 2011 in “生物医学研究杂志：英文版”

A new mutation in the KRT86 gene causes monilethrix in a Han family.

research Differential Expression of Type I Hair Keratins

51 citations , March 1990 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Keratin 17 null mice exhibit age- and strain-dependent alopecia

122 citations , June 2002 in “Genes & Development”

Keratin 17 is crucial for early hair strength and cell survival.

Immunohistochemical, Pharmacovigilance, and Omics Analyses Reveal the Involvement of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel Subunits in Cancers: Role in Drug-Disease Interactions

research Immunohistochemical, pharmacovigilance, and omics analyses reveal the involvement of ATP-sensitive K+ channel subunits in cancers: role in drug–disease interactions

3 citations , April 2023 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

ATP-sensitive K+ channel subunits, particularly Sur2A, play a significant role in various cancers.

research Keratin expression in the normal nail unit: markers of regional differentiation

119 citations , January 2000 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Different parts of the nail express different keratins, showing unique patterns of differentiation.

research Drug repurposing of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors for neutrophilic acute respiratory distress syndrome and psoriasis

8 citations , July 2024 in “Journal of Advanced Research”

CDK inhibitors may help treat ARDS and psoriasis but need more testing for safety and effectiveness.

research Comprehensive Safety Exposure‐Response Analysis to Support Ritlecitinib Dose Selection

May 2025 in “CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology”

A 50 mg non-loading dose of ritlecitinib is safe for adults and adolescents.

The Possible Role of PTEN-Induced Kinase 1-Mediated Mitophagy in Regulating Inflammasome Activation in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata

research 1330 The possible role of PTEN-induced kinase 1-mediated mitophagy by regulating inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Activating mitophagy may help manage a key immune response involved in the hair loss condition alopecia areata.

research PRF Lysates Modulate Chemokine Expression in Oral Squamous Carcinoma and Healthy Epithelial Cells

2 citations , July 2024 in “Bioengineering”

PRF lysates reduce inflammation in cancer cells and boost immune response in healthy oral cells.

research Unexpected Hair Regrowth in a Patient with Longstanding Alopecia Universalis During Treatment of Recalcitrant Dermatomyositis with the Janus Kinase Inhibitor Ruxolitinib

13 citations , January 2020 in “Acta Dermato Venereologica”

Ruxolitinib treatment led to unexpected hair regrowth in a patient with alopecia universalis.

research Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) controls circadian cell proliferation and susceptibility to UVB-induced DNA damage in the epidermis

221 citations , July 2012 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”

BMAL1 controls skin cell growth and UV damage risk, peaking at night.

research UNCONVENTIONAL PROTEIN SECRETION OF KERATIN 75 BY AMELOBLASTS IN VIVO

April 2018 in “D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)”

Keratin-75 is secreted by ameloblasts in a unique way without a signal peptide.

research Concerted gene duplications in the two keratin gene families

53 citations , May 1988 in “Journal of Molecular Evolution”

Platelet-Rich Plasma Contains High Concentrations of DKK1, A Potent Inhibitor of Wnt Signaling That Limits Bone Regeneration and Hair Growth

research Platelet-Rich Plasma Contains High Concentrations of DKK1, A Potent Inhibitor of Wnt Signaling that Limits Bone Regeneration and Hair Growth

January 2023 in “Journal of orthopedics & bone disorders”

Platelet-rich plasma may not be very effective for bone healing and hair growth due to a substance it contains that blocks these processes.

Virtual Bioequivalence Assessment of Ritlecitinib Capsules with Incorporation of Observed Clinical Variability Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model

research Virtual Bioequivalence Assessment of Ritlecitinib Capsules with Incorporation of Observed Clinical Variability Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model

15 citations , January 2024 in “The AAPS Journal”

50-mg ritlecitinib capsules are bioequivalent to 100-mg capsules.

research Keratin 15 Expression in Stratified Epithelia: Downregulation in Activated Keratinocytes

198 citations , March 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Keratin 15 helps maintain tissue integrity and is reduced in activated keratinocytes.

research Expression patterns of keratin intermediate filament and keratin associated protein genes in wool follicles

95 citations , March 2009 in “Differentiation”

Gene expression in wool follicles changes with growth cycles, offering insights into wool and human hair growth.

research Characterization of Bsk mice: I. The Bsk mutation does not involve a recombination of cornea-specific keratin 12 and skin-specific hair keratin genes.

4 citations , May 1998 in “PubMed”

The Bsk mutation doesn't involve keratin gene recombination and its cause is unknown.

research KID Syndrome: Report of a Case and Support for Its Reclassification as an Ectodermal Dysplasia

6 citations , May 2000 in “Pediatric Dermatology”

KID syndrome should be reclassified as an ectodermal dysplasia.

research Transgenic mice overexpressing protein kinase C epsilon in their epidermis exhibit reduced papilloma burden but enhanced carcinoma formation after tumor promotion.

99 citations , February 2000 in “PubMed”

Overexpressing PKCepsilon in mice reduces papillomas but increases carcinomas.

Rapid Characterization of the Functional and Pharmacological Consequences of Cantú Syndrome KATP Channel Mutations in Intact Cells

research Rapid Characterization of the Functional and Pharmacological Consequences of Cantú Syndrome K_ATPChannel Mutations in Intact Cells

1 citations , August 2023 in “The journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics/The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics”

Kir6.1 mutations in Cantú syndrome increase channel sensitivity and hyperpolarization, while SUR2B mutations do not.

research Molecular evolution of the keratin associated protein gene family in mammals, role in the evolution of mammalian hair

119 citations , August 2008 in “BMC Evolutionary Biology”

KRTAP genes evolved early in mammals, leading to diverse hair traits.

IL-9 Mediated Human Primary Keratinocytes Invasion Is Dependent on MLC Controlled Contractility and Independent of MMP Activity

research 879 IL-9 mediated human primary keratinocytes invasion is dependent on MLC controlled contractility and independent of MMP activity

April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

IL-9 increases skin cell movement but decreases their ability to invade, and this effect is controlled by cell contractility, not by MMPs.

research Two cases of alopecia areata treated with ruxolitinib: a discussion of ideal dosing and laboratory monitoring

25 citations , March 2017 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Ruxolitinib effectively and safely regrows hair in alopecia patients.

research 267 Single- and multiple-ascending dose studies of DS-2325a, a KLK5 inhibitor for the treatment of Netherton syndrome

July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

DS-2325a is safe and well-tolerated, supporting further development for Netherton Syndrome treatment.

Selective Janus Kinase 1 Inhibition Resolves Inflammation and Restores Hair Growth Offering a Viable Treatment Option for Alopecia Areata

research Selective Janus kinase 1 inhibition resolves inflammation and restores hair growth offering a viable treatment option for alopecia areata

4 citations , January 2023 in “Skin health and disease”

Blocking Janus kinase 1 helps stop inflammation and regrow hair, making it a good treatment for hair loss from alopecia areata.

research Protein Kinase C Epsilon Signals Ultraviolet Light-induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Through Induction of Specific Cytokines in a Paracrine Mechanism¶

28 citations , January 2005 in “Photochemistry and Photobiology”

Protein kinase C epsilon may increase skin cancer risk by affecting nearby cells.

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