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Hirsutism is a strong sign of high male hormones and metabolic problems in women with PCOS, but acne and hair loss are not.

High levels of male hormones are very common in women with PCOS and affect their metabolism differently depending on their weight.

Men with coeliac disease may have hormone imbalances that could affect sexual function, but these can improve with better gut health.

The exact cause of increased 5α-reductase activity leading to hirsutism in women is still unknown.

Birth control pills help treat skin and hair growth problems linked to high male hormone levels.

Higher androgen levels do not cause baldness in men.

Birth control pills can cause skin issues but may help with acne and hirsutism, and choosing the right type can minimize side effects.

Cyproterone acetate is effective for treating hirsutism and acne but less so for hair loss, with side effects similar to birth control pills.

Women with female pattern hair loss have higher levels of certain androgens, suggesting increased androgen exposure to hair follicles.

The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.

Testosterone therapy can help with androgen deficiency in women but should be used with caution and monitoring due to potential risks.

Pattern baldness is likely caused by a dominant gene influenced by testosterone levels, making it more common in men.

Calculated testosterone values are reliable for assessing hyperandrogenemia in women, making direct measurement unnecessary.

Diagnosing hyperandrogenism in women is complex and requires accurate testing methods and consideration of SHBG levels.

Testosterone Replacement Therapy can improve sexual health in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on its long-term effects.

The research found that measuring androgens in urine can give extra information about body metabolism and is linked to androgen levels in the blood, especially in young girls.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

Hirsutism is more linked to high androgen levels than acne or hair loss, and a mix of hormonal tests is best for diagnosis; certain treatments can reduce symptoms.

The conclusion is that managing androgen excess requires long-term treatment, including hormonal contraceptives and androgen blockers, with follow-up after six months.

The document concludes that accurate measurement of serum androgens is crucial for diagnosing hyperandrogenism.

Androgens play a role in female sexual function, and testosterone therapy can help women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on treatments and long-term safety.

Adequate testosterone is crucial for men's health and quality of life, but its decline with age needs more research.

5α-reductase inhibitors may worsen sexual drive and spontaneous erections but don't worsen existing erectile or ejaculatory problems.

Androgen therapy can help with symptoms like low libido in women, but more research is needed to understand its long-term safety and effects on health.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

The Free Androgen Index (FAI) is the best indicator of early hair loss in men before age 30.

PSA could be a marker for hyperandrogenism in women, but more research is needed.

Metabolic syndrome and PCOS are related but separate conditions, with metabolic syndrome increasing the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Androstanediol glucuronide is a reliable marker for hirsutism in women.