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July 2024 in “Heliyon” Steroid 5α-reductase evolved from protists and diversified in eukaryotes, with specific roles in mammals and plants.
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February 2016 in “Fertility and Sterility” More PDCD4 is linked to obesity, insulin problems, and cell death in ovaries for those with polycystic ovary syndrome.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare genetic mutation causes resistance to vitamin D, leading to severe rickets and requires high doses of calcium and vitamin D for management.
Blocking the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier causes stress in hair follicles, which can be reduced by an ISR inhibitor.
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June 2018 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” Patients with the same genetic mutation for vitamin D-resistant rickets showed different symptoms but all improved with treatment except for hair loss.
June 2021 in “Clinical neuropsychopharmacology and therapeutics” Valproic acid can cause hair color change in older men.
July 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Lower PPARγ levels and specific gene variations are linked to more severe Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia.
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June 2016 in “Journal of Reproductive Immunology” Women with PCOS have higher xanthine oxidase activity linked to inflammation and heart disease risks.
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April 2018 in “Hormones” No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.
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February 2019 in “Journal of oceanology and limnology (Online)” Ecklonia cava extract can reduce the damage and stress caused by hair dye.
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June 1983 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” Copper therapy improved health and enzyme activity in mice with copper deficiency.
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November 1997 in “Human Genetics” A new mutation in the hHb1 keratin gene is linked to the hair disorder monilethrix.
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December 2002 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Human bone cells mainly produce a type 1 enzyme that may help regulate bone health.
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April 1992 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Having enough iron improves the effectiveness of a specific hair loss treatment in women.
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August 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” PRDX5 enzyme may contribute to alopecia areata by affecting oxidative stress and autoimmunity.
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August 2013 in “Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine” 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 helps melanocyte precursors from hair follicles grow and produce melanin, aiding vitiligo treatment understanding.
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January 2018 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Increased PHGDH expression causes early melanin buildup in hair follicles.
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August 1998 in “FEBS Letters” Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.
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October 2012 in “The American Journal of Human Genetics” Mutations in the HOXC13 gene cause hair and nail development issues.
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December 1984 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” TCDD reduces EGF receptor activity and causes various developmental changes in animals.
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July 2014 in “Acta Crystallographica Section D-biological Crystallography” Mutations in the enzyme don't significantly change how it binds to its specific substances.