73 citations
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August 2019 in “Cell Proliferation” Human skin models are essential for studying skin's sensory, immune, and nervous system interactions.
21 citations
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June 2003 in “Journal of Morphology” Monotreme and marsupial skin proteins show primitive features and species-specific differences compared to placental mammals.
February 2019 in “American International Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences” The dermis of Millivora Capenesis has two layers with various connective tissues, blood vessels, glands, and sensory structures.
65 citations
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December 2000 in “PubMed” The biology of skin and hair is complex and not fully understood.
1 citations
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July 2023 in “Journal of developmental biology” Bird foot scales develop differently and can repair but not fully regenerate due to the lack of specialized stem cell areas.
92 citations
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March 2016 in “Developmental Cell” Zebrafish skin regeneration relies on cell behaviors and reactive oxygen species, with antioxidants reducing and hydrogen peroxide increasing regeneration.
77 citations
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April 2016 in “Science Advances” Researchers created a fully functional, bioengineered skin system with hair from stem cells that successfully integrated when transplanted into mice.
11 citations
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January 1977 in “Archives of dermatological research” Mouse tail skin has different keratinization near hair follicles and scales.
2 citations
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December 2022 in “Journal of toxicologic pathology” Skin structure complexity and variability are crucial for assessing skin toxicity in safety tests.
8 citations
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February 1968 in “Australian Journal of Zoology” The southern elephant seal's skin layer helps waterproof the skin by being tightly connected to hair shafts.
46 citations
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July 2007 in “Journal of comparative neurology” Manatee whiskers are specially adapted for touch in water.
17 citations
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May 1969 in “American Journal of Physical Anthropology” The silver marmoset's skin is thin, lacks pigment cells, and has unique features like keratinized spines and specialized glands.
110 citations
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January 1983 in “Brain Research Reviews” Monkey lips have dense sensory nerves similar to those in other skin areas, explaining their sensitivity.
Retinoic acid can change skin development, like turning scales into feathers or forming glands.
15 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
5 citations
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August 2005 in “Anatomy and Embryology” Rat skin has a linear system of nerve fibers linked to hair follicles and muscles.
43 citations
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November 1988 in “The Journal of Comparative Neurology” Different types of hairs on a rat's hindlimb have varying levels and patterns of nerve innervation.
February 2023 in “Mağallaẗ Tikrīt li-l-ʻulūm al-ṣirfaẗ/Tikrit journal of pure science” Horse skin has a layered epidermis, a dermis with hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, and is supplied by small arteries.
December 2024 in “Genome Biology and Evolution” Snakes and worm lizards lost claw proteins due to similar evolutionary changes.
1 citations
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February 2025 in “Journal of Anatomy” Gray short-tailed opossums' skin shifts from helping with breathing to regulating body temperature as they grow.
18 citations
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January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.
20 citations
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December 2010 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
9 citations
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April 1985 in “Canadian Journal of Zoology” Moose have unique interdigital glands with green hairs and larger glands during mating season.
June 2014 in “Experimental dermatology” The epidermis is crucial for hair growth.
12 citations
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January 1994 in “PubMed” Elastic fiber arrangement in mammal skin varies by hair density and body region.
3 citations
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December 2020 The interdigital gland in crossbred sheep is similar to skin and has specialized structures for secretion.
13 citations
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August 2023 in “Developmental Cell” Mechanosensory neurons adapt to different skin types after birth.
35 citations
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January 2000 in “Journal of comparative neurology” Rat vibrissae have sensory terminals with specific structures that help detect hair movements.
6 citations
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January 2009 in “Elsevier eBooks” The skin has multiple layers and cells, serves as a protective barrier, helps regulate temperature, enables sensation, affects appearance, and is involved in vitamin D synthesis.
1 citations
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January 1992 in “Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science” Camel skin has typical mammalian layers, with hair follicles, glands, and muscles, varying by body area.