21 citations
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June 2003 in “Journal of Morphology” Monotreme and marsupial skin proteins show primitive features and species-specific differences compared to placental mammals.
5 citations
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July 1999 in “Journal of Anatomy” Methylene blue staining effectively reveals detailed nerve structures in rat snouts.
160 citations
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January 2014 in “Seminars in cell & developmental biology” Early development of hair, teeth, and glands involves specific signaling pathways and cellular interactions.
5 citations
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July 1999 in “Journal of Anatomy” Methylene blue staining effectively highlights detailed nerve structures in rat fur.
17 citations
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May 1969 in “American Journal of Physical Anthropology” The silver marmoset's skin is thin, lacks pigment cells, and has unique features like keratinized spines and specialized glands.
January 2024 in “Archives of pharmacy practice” The skin is vital for protection, temperature control, fluid balance, immunity, and sensing, with damage affecting daily life and mental health.
15 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
92 citations
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March 2016 in “Developmental Cell” Zebrafish skin regeneration relies on cell behaviors and reactive oxygen species, with antioxidants reducing and hydrogen peroxide increasing regeneration.
73 citations
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August 2019 in “Cell Proliferation” Human skin models are essential for studying skin's sensory, immune, and nervous system interactions.
18 citations
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January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.
December 2024 in “Genome Biology and Evolution” Snakes and worm lizards lost claw proteins due to similar evolutionary changes.
11 citations
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January 1977 in “Archives of dermatological research” Mouse tail skin has different keratinization near hair follicles and scales.
1 citations
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July 2023 in “Journal of developmental biology” Bird foot scales develop differently and can repair but not fully regenerate due to the lack of specialized stem cell areas.
1 citations
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January 2023 in “PubMed”
77 citations
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April 2016 in “Science Advances” Researchers created a fully functional, bioengineered skin system with hair from stem cells that successfully integrated when transplanted into mice.
26 citations
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January 2022 The skin is essential for protection, temperature control, and immune defense.
5 citations
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August 2005 in “Anatomy and Embryology” Rat skin has a linear system of nerve fibers linked to hair follicles and muscles.
1 citations
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February 2025 in “Journal of Anatomy” Gray short-tailed opossums' skin shifts from helping with breathing to regulating body temperature as they grow.
26 citations
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December 2013 in “Seminars in cell & developmental biology” Skin varies in thickness, color, and features due to complex genetic and cellular processes.
65 citations
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December 2000 in “PubMed” The biology of skin and hair is complex and not fully understood.
110 citations
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January 1983 in “Brain Research Reviews” Monkey lips have dense sensory nerves similar to those in other skin areas, explaining their sensitivity.
8 citations
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February 1968 in “Australian Journal of Zoology” The southern elephant seal's skin layer helps waterproof the skin by being tightly connected to hair shafts.
January 1996 in “TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES” Brown bear skin has two main layers, with the thickest skin on the back and thinnest on the belly.
9 citations
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April 1985 in “Canadian Journal of Zoology” Moose have unique interdigital glands with green hairs and larger glands during mating season.
20 citations
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December 2010 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
3 citations
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December 2020 The interdigital gland in crossbred sheep is similar to skin and has specialized structures for secretion.
221 citations
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June 1999 in “In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal” 13 citations
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August 2023 in “Developmental Cell” Mechanosensory neurons adapt to different skin types after birth.
20 citations
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September 2004 in “Journal of Anatomy” The inner root sheath evolved to help hair grow safely through the skin in mammals.
Retinoic acid can change skin development, like turning scales into feathers or forming glands.