309 citations
,
June 2001 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause androgen insensitivity, leading to female traits in genetically male individuals.
6 citations
,
August 2020 in “JCRPE” A boy with a rare form of early puberty caused by a new gene mutation responded well to treatment aimed at reducing testosterone and preserving adult height.
87 citations
,
May 2018 in “Scientific Reports” Higher free testosterone levels in men are linked to a stronger immune response, not weaker.
15 citations
,
March 2015 in “PloS one” Scientists restored fertility in male mice lacking a key fertility gene by using a modified gene.
September 2016 in “Princeton University Press eBooks” The document concludes that understanding health requires considering evolutionary perspectives on reproductive fitness, and recognizing the complexity of factors like diet, testosterone, and sexual orientation.
51 citations
,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
October 1984 in “Kidney international” The patient had complex urinary tract issues and ambiguous genitalia, with physical features suggesting a hormonal imbalance.
26 citations
,
September 2005 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 5alpha-reductase 2 is crucial for proper male brain development and sexual differentiation.
April 2016 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgen receptors early in life increases estrogen levels and reduces sexual motivation in male rats.
3 citations
,
June 2016 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Doctors used a special blood sampling technique to diagnose a woman's rare ovarian tumor that was producing male hormones.
March 2009 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride helps treat hair loss and prostate issues by blocking a hormone.
July 2024 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Ovarian hyperthecosis should be considered in young women with severe male-like symptoms and can be managed with hormone treatments.
11 citations
,
September 2015 in “Theriogenology” Testosterone boosts fluid and electrolyte secretion in seminal vesicles, aiding sperm function.
15 citations
,
December 2021 in “Nature Communications” Androgens in female meerkats influence aggression and dominance, affecting social dynamics and offspring behavior.
4 citations
,
March 2018 in “Systems biology in reproductive medicine” Men born very underweight had higher estrogen levels but normal reproduction compared to normal birth weight men.
85 citations
,
June 2006 in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The document concludes that hirsutism is the main sign for diagnosing hyperandrogenism, which requires a detailed patient history and physical exam.
5 citations
,
December 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Differences in androgen receptor expression and tissue properties may lead to higher cryptorchidism risk in certain rats.
September 1978 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry”
12 citations
,
September 2017 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Testosterone significantly affects sexual desire in both men and women, but its impact on women is more complex and influenced by psychological factors.
September 2024 in “Pediatrics in Review” Parental support and gender-affirming care are crucial for the mental health of transgender adolescents.
December 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.
27 citations
,
May 2002 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Brothers of women with PCOS tend to have higher levels of a hormone called DHEAS, indicating a possible genetic link.
23 citations
,
April 2010 in “Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology” The piRNA pathway genes are crucial in early development and may influence sex differentiation through hormone regulation.
January 2020 in “Research Portal Denmark” A short male anogenital distance may indicate incomplete masculinization due to disrupted androgen action.
6 citations
,
June 2006 in “International Journal of Gynecological Pathology” A postmenopausal woman's hormone imbalance and symptoms improved after removing benign ovarian tumors.
9 citations
,
November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A 15-year-old girl with rare reproductive disorders received hormone therapy to develop secondary sexual traits, but infertility persisted.
21 citations
,
February 2016 in “Reproductive Biomedicine Online” The conclusion suggests that PCOS may persist due to genetic traits that, while harmful for female fertility, could have provided survival and reproductive benefits to males.
43 citations
,
July 2003 in “Andrology” Hormonal male contraception is effective and could be market-ready, but more research is needed to ensure safety for all ethnic groups.
Hirsutism is relatively common among young Greek women.
2 citations
,
October 2017 in “Global Media and Communication” The conclusion is that top men's magazines in India promote Western ideals of masculinity, favoring fair-skinned, youthful, and Western Caucasian men.