November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Taking biotin can lead to incorrect low results in free testosterone tests.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high testosterone in a postmenopausal woman, resolved by surgery.
October 2022 in “Medical Clinical Update Journal” Early diagnosis and treatment with Leuprolide are key for children with precocious puberty.
October 2023 in “IJEM case reports” A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.
Hirsutism is excessive male-pattern hair growth in women, often treated cosmetically or with hormone therapy if contraception is also desired.
2 citations
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November 2016 in “Current sexual health reports” Over-the-counter products can help with menopause symptoms, but be aware of their ingredients.
April 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” The research found that androgens help control blood flow in the rat prostate through a specific binding site.
February 2025 in “Clinical Chemistry” The woman's symptoms were due to an androgen-secreting tumor, not PCOS.
17 citations
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January 2004 in “European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology/European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology” Certain hormone medications can treat symptoms like acne and unwanted hair, regulate periods, and prevent pregnancy in women and teenage girls.
September 1997 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Hirsute women with ovarian-sourced hirsutism are more likely to have irregular periods, with higher BMI and altered hormone ratios.
May 2019 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Testosterone significantly affects urination differences between male and female mice.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Rare ovarian tumors can cause hyperandrogenism, even if imaging appears normal.
July 2020 in “Indian journal of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS” The document concludes that it's concerning when a teenage boy has both gonorrhea and syphilis at the same time.
November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.
2 citations
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December 2016 in “Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology” Higher androgen levels are linked to more severe hair growth in hirsute women.
54 citations
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April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
56 citations
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October 1983 in “Archives of Dermatology” Some women with acne have higher levels of free testosterone, which might suggest using hormonal treatments for acne.
77 citations
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September 1983 in “Acta Paediatrica” Dexamethasone effectively normalizes elevated steroid levels in girls with premature adrenarche.
1 citations
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January 2021
8 citations
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June 2016 in “Clinical Chemistry” PSA levels could help detect illegal steroid use in female athletes but face challenges like cost and PCOS prevalence.
A 22-year-old woman with a rare genetic condition was successfully treated to develop normal female characteristics and regular menstruation.
12 citations
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March 2017 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.
30 citations
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March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Young women with high male hormone levels or PCOS often feel more psychological distress and have a lower quality of life.
September 2002 in “Fertility and sterility” Female relatives of PCOS patients have a higher chance of showing PCOS symptoms.
August 2025 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” A rare ovarian tumor in a 2-year-old girl was successfully removed, normalizing her hormone levels.
2 citations
,
September 1971 in “Metabolism, clinical and experimental” Dihydrotestosterone has a reduced effect on muscle-building in people with testicular feminization syndrome, especially after their gonads are removed.
16 citations
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February 2014 in “Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects Iranian women's feelings of femininity and self-image.
26 citations
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March 2001 in “PubMed” Men's fertility and sexual health decline with age, with reduced testosterone and virility, and many lose fertility by their eighties.
11 citations
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September 2015 in “Theriogenology” Testosterone boosts fluid and electrolyte secretion in seminal vesicles, aiding sperm function.
January 2013 in “Revista Clínica Española” A postmenopausal woman's increased male hormone levels were successfully treated with surgery.